2. Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD © Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD, 6th Grade 6th Grade Science

3. Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Unit 3 Living Things Chapter 9: Senses and Reponses of Living Things Section 1: Animal SenseAnimal Sense Section 2 and 3: Animals Respond and Plant RespondAnimals Respond and Plant Respond Chapter 10: Connections in the Environment Section 1: Life in the EnvironmentLife in the Environment Section 2: Living Things Need EnergyLiving Things Need Energy Chapter 11: Student Organism Report Student Organism Report

4. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense

5. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD How do you know when you are hungry? What Do You Think? Animal Sense

6. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism. <> Animal Sense

7. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Sensory receptors are special cells that detect internal and external stimuli. After a receptor is stimulated, a message is sent along a nerve to the brain. Animals have many receptors for many stimuli. Animal Sense

8. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense Some animals can detect light while others see different kinds of light. Some animals have compound eyes which allows them to see images. It is made of many identical light - sensitive cells.

9. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense

10. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Cornea- the front of the human eye. A clear membrane that protects the eye. Pupil- the opening of the eye that lets the light in. Lens- where the light is focused. Animal Sense

11. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense

12. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense How do birds of prey use their senses?

13. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Sound travels in waves or vibrations. Human ear has three parts: Outer ear- collects the vibrations Middle ear- eardrum vibrates Inner ear- tiny bones that vibrate Cochlea- tiny fluid-filled part of the inner ear. The fluid vibrates sending nerve impulse to the brain. Animal Sense

14. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense

15. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Some animals have receptors on their legs to pick up sound. Animal Sense

16. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Olfactory cells are receptors that pick up smells and taste. Some animals have receptors in their nose, on their antennae or on their tongue. Jacobson’s organ provides snakes with receptors for both smell and taste. Animal Sense

17. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense

18. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Taste buds are taste receptors. Papillae are tiny bumps and the taste buds are on the side of these bumps. Taste buds have receptors to pick up a salt, sweet, sour, or bitter taste. Butterfly has receptors on their feet. Catfish has receptors on their skin. Animal Sense

19. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal Sense Cite: http://www.kidcyber.com.au/IMAGES/tongue.jpeg

20. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Humans have more receptors on our fingers and face. Octopus use their tentacles to feel. Animal Sense

21. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Some animals have developed amazing adaptations to their environments. Many different types of energy exist in the environment, some of which humans cannot detect. Here are some examplessome examples of how some animals sense the outside world and the anatomical structures that allow them to do so. Animal Sense

22. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Which area of your tongue are most sensitive to sour, sweet, bitter and salty tastes? Place different liquids on your tongue to find out. Animal Sense Activity See speaker notes for lab.

23. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 1. What is a stimulus? Let’s Review

24. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism. Answer

25. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 2. How do humans sense smell? What organ do snakes use to sense smell? Let’s Review

26. Chapter 9 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Humans sense smells using olfactory cells in the space behind the nose. Snakes sense smells using their nose and their Jacobson organ. Answer

27. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds

28. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD How do birds know when to fly south for the winter? What Do You Think? Animal and Plant Responds

29. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Internal Stimuli is a stimulus that comes from inside your body. Hunger- cells need energy Thirst- loss of water, mouth dry. Breathing- brain send stimuli to breathe. Hormones- chemicals made in the body that cause a change. Metamorphose- change Animal and Plant Responds

30. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds

31. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD External Stimuli are stimuli that come from outside the body. Survival- finding food. Predator- eats another animal Prey- animal that gets eaten. Echolocation is process of using reflected sound waves to find objects. Animal and Plant Responds

32. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds Cite: http://www.museumca.org/caves/images/bat_ani.gif

33. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds Hunt or Hunted… some organisms respond if there is danger. Some fight, run or swim away. Some organism communicate to mark their territory, find a family member or a mate. Cite: http://www.thezoo.com/animals/B4139.jpg

34. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD American Crow uses it’s song to communicate with other crows. Animal and Plant Responds

35. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Biological clock is an internal control of a natural cycle. Tells when to store food, when to migrate, when to hibernate, and when to estivate (reduced activity in the summer). Animal and Plant Responds

36. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds

37. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Tropism- plants growth in response to an external stimulus. Positive tropism- plants growth towards stimulus. Negative tropism- plants growth away from stimulus. Animal and Plant Responds

38. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Animal and Plant Responds Click the word Tropism and you will go to a website that shows tropism.

39. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Why is the length of day and night important for seasonal change? What about temperature? Animal and Plant Responds

40. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Chlorophyll, the green pigment plants use to make food, breaks down. As chlorophyll is lost, other yellow and orange pigments are seen. Animal and Plant Responds

41. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD How does a worm respond to light, food and touch? Explore a worm’s world by exposing it to different stimulus. Animal and Plant Responds Activity

42. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD The ability to draw accurately and neatly is a useful skill, especially in science. There are specific rules to follow when you are drawing in science. Obtain a biological specimen from your teacher and following the rules for drawing in science. Pre-AP Extension See speaker notes for lab.

43. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 1.Identify two internal stimuli for animals and responses to them. Identify two external stimuli for animals and responses to them. Let’s Review

44. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Sample answer: internal stimuli: If the stimulus is hunger, a response is getting food. External stimuli: If the stimulus is a predator, then a response could be running away. Answer

45. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 2. What are two ways that animals respond to a change in seasons? Let’s Review

46. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Migration or hibernation. Answer

47. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 3. What are the effects caused by touch, light and gravity on plants growth? Are these effects responses to internal or external stimuli? Let’s Review

48. Chapter 9 Section 2/3Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Touch and light cause plants to grow toward the stimulus. Gravity causes stems to grow away from the stimulus and roots to grow toward it. These effects are responses to external stimuli. Answer

49. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Life in the Environment

50. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Name some parts of the environment. What Do You Think? Life in the Environment

51. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD The environment is everything that affects an organism. Examples: animals, weather, & plants. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Life in the Environment Cite: http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/ecology%5b1%5d.jpg

52. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Life in the Environment Living: Trees, plants & animals Nonliving: water, sunlight, air and rocks. Cite: http://plato.acadiau.ca/courses/idst/matthews/Images/Ecology/Ecology%202.jpg

53. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Life in the Environment Organism- one organism Population- group of same organism Organism Population Cite: http://www.nashvillezoo.org/komodo.jpg Cite: http://photophoto.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/images/indonesia/Komododragons.jpg

54. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Community: different populations in same area. Ecosystem: community with nonliving environment. Biosphere: all ecosystems on Earth. Community Ecosystem Life in the Environment

55. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Some examples of the non- living part of the environment are: rocks, sunlight, water, wind, and air temperature. How do organisms respond to the non-living environment? Life in the Environment

56. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Life in the Environment Organisms respond to the living part of their environment by: 1. protecting young, or digging a den. 2. defend food, young or territory. 3. catching organism, playing dead, or helps the other organism. Cite: http://www.vantage21st.com/guides/class_images/wildlife/images_african_wildlife/lion_cubs_kalahari.GIF

57. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD What do know about how animals adapted to their environment? Click here to take a quiz.Click here Life in the Environment

58. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD How does a bat interact with its environment or a jaguar? Create an informational brochure using a brochure program about a specific organism of your choice. Pre-AP Extension See speaker notes for lab.

59. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 1. What is the environment? Let’s Review

60. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD The environment is everything that affects an organism. Answer

61. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 2. Identify three components of an ecosystem to which organisms may respond. Let’s Review

62. Chapter 10 Section 1Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Possible ecosystem components include the organism itself, other members of its population, other organisms in its community, and various non-living parts, such as air, water and rocks. Answer

63. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Living Things Need Energy

64. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Are humans herbivores, omnivores or carnivores? What Do You Think? Living Things Need Energy

65. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Organisms can be divided into three groups in their community: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Living Things Need Energy

66. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Organisms that use sunlight directly to make food are producers. Photosynthesis is the process of making food out of sunlight. Most plants are producers, along with some algae and bacteria. Living Things Need Energy

67. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Organisms that eat other organisms are consumers. Herbivore is a consumer that eats plants. Carnivore is a consumer that eats animals. Omnivore is a consumer that eats both. Scavengers animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals. Living Things Need Energy

68. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Organisms that get energy by breaking down the remains of other organisms are decomposers. Bacteria and fungi are examples of decomposers. Decay is the process of breaking down matter. Energy is released, and used. In the process, matter is rearranged into simpler compounds. Living Things Need Energy

69. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD A food chain is a path of energy from one feeding level to another. Living Things Need Energy

70. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD

71. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD All of the food chains in a community link together to form a food web. It shows the many ways energy can flow through an ecosystem. Living Things Need Energy

72. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD

73. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Energy Pyramids explain the loss of energy along the food chain. The amount of energy becomes smaller as you go higher. Organisms use up most of their energy they take in. Only energy stored in their tissues can be passed on to the next level. Living Things Need Energy

74. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD

75. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Click hereClick here to create an interactive food chain. Scroll down and click on “create a possible food web. Also scroll down and click on “chain reaction activity to create a food chain. Living Things Need Energy

76. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Design an organism with special adaptations. Then describe how these adaptations help the organism live. Living Things Need Energy See speaker notes for lab. Activity

77. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD You discover a new species and need to prepare a scientific report on the newly discovered life form. Describe your organism to your classmates. Discuss the physical and behavioral characteristic of your new organism. Pre-AP Extension See speaker notes for lab.

78. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 1. Why is the role of a decomposer important to a community? Let’s Review

79. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD A decomposer’s role is to break down biomass and return nutrients to the rest of the ecosystem. This role is important because decomposers recycle nutrients that other organisms need to live. Answer

80. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD 2. Describe how energy flows through both food chains and food webs. Let’s Review

81. Chapter 10 Section 2Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Energy flows through food chains and food webs as one organism eats another. Some of the energy in the organism at each link in a food chain or food web is transferred to the organism that eats it. Answer

82. Chapter 11-15Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Student Organism Report

83. Chapter 11-15Spring 2006 Pflugerville ISD Students will use the information in Chapters 11-15 to complete a report on an organism. Student Organism Report