1. Sustainable Sanitation 1 Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh

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3. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Contents 1.Introduction 2.Problems with current Approaches to Sanitation 3.What is Sustainable Sanitation? 4.Conclusion 5.SSWM and Sustainable Sanitation 6.References 3

4. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Approaches to Sanitation What exactly is wastewater? What should the organisation of a sanitary system look like? How can we better manage wastewater? How can we keep it simple, but yet effective and efficient? etc. 4 1. Introduction Source: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- 2yIT8xt_stM/TwtB4J9sBqI/AAAAAAAACmY/s_6- 9HHksUA/s1600/Istanbul%20Toilet.gif [Accessed: 30.01.2012]http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- 2yIT8xt_stM/TwtB4J9sBqI/AAAAAAAACmY/s_6- 9HHksUA/s1600/Istanbul%20Toilet.gif

5. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Conventional Forms of Wastewater Management and Sanitation - Retention of solids - Infiltration of liquids 5 2. Problems with Current Approaches to Sanitation Dry (pit) systems (on- site) Waterborne systems (centralised) Source: http://i.bnet.com/blogs/toilet.png [Accessed: 30.01.2012]http://i.bnet.com/blogs/toilet.png

6. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Dry (pit) Systems – The Drawbacks 6 2. Problems with current Approaches to Sanitation Source: CONRADIN (2007) Incomplete barrier between human beings and excreta Liquids infiltrate the soil and enter the water cycle Nutrients infiltrate the soil and enter aquatic systems Pathogens infiltrate and enter aquatic system Waterborne diseases Eutrophication

7. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Waterborne Systems – The Drawbacks End-of-pipe system - 90% of global wastewater does not receive any treatment at all. 7 2. Problems with current Approaches to Sanitation WINBLAD and SIMPSON-HERBERT (2004) (CORCORAN et al. 2010) Water demand Investment costs Maintenance Energy- intensity Technical knowledge Social acceptance ( CORCORAN et al. 2010) Mixing of different wastewater streams Vulnerability Operating costs

8. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Conventional Systems versus Sustainable Sanitation Socially acceptable Economically viable 8 3. What is Sustainable Sanitation? } Sustainable Sanitation Conventional systems Technical aspects Sustainable Sanitation Social Environmental Economical and technical aspects Integrative, holistic approach

9. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Basic Principle Wastewater should NOT be considered as a waste but as a valuable resource. Nutrients Water Energy 9 3. What is Sustainable Sanitation? Source: CONRADIN (2010)

10. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation Health and hygiene Effective barrier between user and environment Prevention of exposure to excreta at all levels of the sanitation process Environment and natural resources Protection of natural resources Recycling, low energy consumption, low emissions Technology and operation Adaptation to local circumstances Robustness against floods, power cuts, water shortages, etc. Financial & economic issues: Consideration of total (lifecycle) costs Socio-cultural & institutional aspects: Acceptance by the community 10 3. What is Sustainable Sanitation?

11. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Sustainable Sanitation is a simple Approach The essential principles Wastewater and excreta should not be considered as a waste, but as valuable resources. Sanitation systems should be organised in a socially acceptable and economically viable manner. There is no one-fits-all approach, much rather, the most adequate solution has to be found from case to case, considering climate and water availability, agricultural practices, socio-cultural preferences, affordability, safety, and technical prerequisites, etc. 11 4. Conclusion

12. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Integrated, holistic Approach 12 5. SSWM and Sustainable Sanitation

13. Sustainable Sanitation Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info CONRADIN, K. (2007): Ecological Sanitation in the Khuvsgul Area, Northern Mongolia: Socio-Cultural Parameters and Acceptance. Unpublished Master Thesis. Basel: University of Basel. http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-in-mongolia-mscthesis-2007.pdf [Accessed: 26.01.2012]. http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/oe44/ecosan/nl/en-ecosan-in-mongolia-mscthesis-2007.pdf CORCORAN, E. (Editor); NELLEMANN, C. (Editor); BAKER, E. (Editor); BOS, R. (Editor); OSBORN, D. (Editor); SAVELLI, H. (Editor) (2010): Sick Water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UN-HABITAT, GRID-Arendal. http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/sickwater/SickWater_screen.pdf [Accessed: 26.01.2012]. http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/sickwater/SickWater_screen.pdf WINDBLAD, U.; SIMPSON-HERBERT, M. (2004): Ecological Sanitation - revised and enlarged edition. (pdf presentation). Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Ecological_Sanitation_2004.pdf [Accessed: 26.01.2012].http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Ecological_Sanitation_2004.pdf 13 6. References

14. Sustainable Sanitation 14 Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: