1. Module 4.8 Excreta fertilisers in Agriculture How can ecological fertilisers from excreta best be used?

2. What is the farmer applying to the field? Mineral Fertiliser Animal Manure – Slurry – Solids Water Energy

3. How is the fertiliser applied? Mineral fertiliser – Spreader – By hand Solid manure – Spreader for solids TS>20% – Manually Trolley + shovel Liquid manure – Spreader for liquids TS<12% – Overflowing – Included in watering water – Applied bucket/tank wise

4. When is the fertiliser applied? Before plantation Until 2/3 of season Until Ear setting Until one month before harvest 2-3 times per cropping Every day?

5. Application of water When is it needed? – Increased water, except during flooding How? – Spraying – Surface overflow – Surface application – Drip irrigation

6. Group question How can we produce these fertilisers from households – What materials do we get? – Do they need extra treatment? Why? – What are the fertilising value of the fractions?

7. Nutrient content in wastewater Urine – 1-1.5L /pd 3-500L /year 0.3-0.7L per urination – 3-3.5kg N/py – 0.3kg P/py – 0.3kg K/py – All direct plant available

8. Fraction content Faeces – 100-400g/pd 40-100kg/year – 0.3kg N/py – 0.1kg P/py – 0.2kg K/py – Most organically bound Nutrient content in wastewater

9. Treatment of urine – Storage 2 Month >20 C 1 Month >30 C – Not according to WHO! – Urine to own garden direct use – Urine from urinals only – less treatment requred – Selected use less storage needed

10. Treatment of faeces – Composting >50 C >1week + turning Low temp composting – Biogas Long HRT and MRT Additional hygiene treatment preferable – Chemical treatment Ammonia Lime Ash – Selected use

11. How to apply the urine fertiliser – Large Medium scale Drip irrigation Hose spreader Watering – Small scale Drip irrigation Watering can Watering (with GW) – Application Before planting During growth

12. Compost – Solid manure – Shovel – Application Before planting Biogas slurry – Hose spreader – Land overflow – Incorporation into soil – Application Before planting During growth How to apply the faecal fertiliser

13. Direct application – At trees – Mulch bed – Grass land – Avoid storage (smell) Treated GW – Irrigation Spray Drip Overflow How to apply the greywater

14. To what can I use the urine fertiliser? Treated urine / at home application – Unrestricted use – Salt content – High ammonia content Untreated urine – Fodder crop – Crop above ground Processed Fruits – Ornamental purposes

15. Level of treatment – High level unrestricted use – Low level restricted use Crops with long growth period – Pineapple – Banana – Coconut Non food crops – Fodder – Ornamental To what can I use the faecal fertiliser?

16. Untreated GW – At home – Direct use (minimise piping) – Applied treatment Mulch bed At trees Treated GW – Can be stored – Watering purposes To what can I use the greywater?

17. Selection of use Practicality Hygiene – Barriers Treatment Selection of use – Food crop – Fodder – Other Composition Acceptance – User – Farmer (end user) – Consumer