1. Management Practices for Soil Improvement.

2. Cultivation

4. http://images.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://autrusa.com/img/35series2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www. autrusa.com/imants.html&h=544&w=361&sz=69&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=Y- jtKkfbh2dPfM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcultivation%2Bmachines%26gbv%3D2% 26hl%3Den Spading machines

5. Rotary hoes

7. Composting http://www.5min.com/Video/Learning-How- To-Compost-11225http://www.5min.com/Video/Learning-How- To-Compost-11225 Takes time to load

8. Drainage improvement Subsoiler

9. Tile drains

10. Perforated pipes

12. Pipes drain into a stream or resevoir

13. Land contouring

14. IRRIGATION This is a Centre Pivot irrigator

15. Centre pivot irrigation is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot. These systems can only be used where terrain is flat. They are large, hard to move and expensive to buy. A lot of water will evaporate before it reaches the ground or will be blown away. Stock cannot be in the field when it is working Cover a large area in a short amount of time.

16. K-line irrigation

18. These are small pods that can be moved easily by quad bikes. They are closer to the ground and so water is not lost by evaporation so easily. Stock can still graze the pasture when they are in use. Low capital cost. Suits ALL types of terrain. Best possible use of available water supplies.

20. Drip irrigation

21. Home spray irrigation systems

22. Effluent irrigation

23. Untreated effluent can carry disease e.g E.coli. This can be harmful to farm animals and humans. Effluent can enter the ground water and waterways. Water is discoloured directly, or via the growth of algae.

24. Runoff can cause eutrophication. This is an increase in the growth of bacteria and algae that take up dissolved oxygen in the water preventing fish and plant respiration. Fish gills can also clog up. Effluent gives off an unpleasant smell to surrounding areas. Paddocks cannot be used by animals for up to 2 weeks.

25. Nutrients in the effluent can be recycled back into the soil, reducing the amount of inorganic fertiliser that needs to be used. This reduces build up of toxic salts in the soil.