1. Bell Ringer
How is kinetic energy directly related to thermal energy?

2. Thermal Energy
A. Temperature & Heat
1. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

3. 2. SI unit for temp. is the Kelvin
(273 degrees different than Celsius)
-273 Absolute Zero
Celsius
Most common scale world wide
Freezing point of H2O is 0
Boiling point of H2O is 100
Fahrenheit
Used generally in the U. S.
Freezing point is 32/ Boiling point is 212

4. Scales The relationships between the different temperature scales are:
oK = oC      
  oC = (5/9)*(oF-32)       
oF = (9/5)*oC+32       

5. Thermal Energy – the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance.
Depends on 3 Things:
Mass (cup vs. pot)
Temperature
Phase( solid, liquid, gas)

6. 5. Thermal energy relationships
a. As temperature increases, so does thermal energy (because the kinetic energy of the particles increased).
b. Even if the temperature doesn’t change, the thermal energy in a more massive substance is higher (because it is a total measure of energy).

7. a. The flow of thermal energy from one object to another.
Cup gets cooler while hand gets warmer
6. Heat
a. The flow of thermal energy from one object to another.
b. Heat always flows from warmer to cooler objects.
Ice gets warmer while hand gets cooler

8. Land heats up and cools down faster than water
7. Specific Heat
a. Some things heat up or cool down faster than others.
Land heats up and cools down faster than water

9. b. Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by one degree (C or K).
1) C water = 4184 J / kg C
2) C sand = 664 J / kg C
This is why land heats up quickly during the day and cools quickly at night and why water takes longer.

10. Why does water have such a high specific heat?
water metal
Water molecules form strong bonds with each other; therefore it takes more heat energy to break them. Metals have weak bonds and do not need as much energy to break them.

11. How to calculate changes in thermal energy
Q = m x T x Cp
Q = change in thermal energy
m = mass of substance
T = change in temperature (Tf – Ti)
Cp = specific heat of substance

12. What would the change in T. E
What would the change in T.E. be if the temperature of 12 g of water increased by 20C
What is the change in T.E. when 500 grams of water cools from 45 C to 35 C

13. What is the change is Thermal Energy when a 55 g iron nail cools from 90c to 25C
What mass of water will change it’s temperature by 3.0 C when 525 j of heat is added to it?

14. A 42 g ball of aluminum foil cools from 30C to 15C
A 42 g ball of aluminum foil cools from 30C to 15C. What it’s change in thermal energy, specific heat of aluminum is .920 j/g

15. To release a diamond from it’s setting, a jeweler heats a 10 g silver ring by adding 23.5 j of heat. How much does the temp increase? Silver is .235 j/g

16. The temperature of a 32-gram silver spoon increases from 20C to 60 C
The temperature of a 32-gram silver spoon increases from 20C to 60 C. What is the change in Q?

17. What is the mass of water that will change it’s temperature by 8
What is the mass of water that will change it’s temperature by 8.0 when 1500 J of heat is added to it?

18. PVC Piping has a specific heat of 2. 09
PVC Piping has a specific heat of What is the change in thermal energy when a 700 g pipe changes temp from 82C to 112C

19. First, mass and temperature of water are measured
c. A calorimeter is used to help measure the specific heat of a substance.
First, mass and temperature of water are measured
Knowing its Q value, its mass, and its T, its Cp can be calculated
Then heated sample is put inside and heat flows into water
This gives the heat lost by the substance
T is measured for water to help get its heat gain

20. Go to back of room today, gather equipment.
Calorimeter Lab
Go to back of room today, gather equipment.

21. Convection Current
The movement of a substance that is caused by differences in temperature and density.
EXAMPLES: wind boiling water
NATURE WANTS
EVERYTHING TO BALANCE ! !

22. Conduction
The transfer of heat by direct contact between objects or particles.
Transfer of energy by particles colliding. Heat from hand to the snow
Happens best in Solids

23. Radiation Heat transferred through space. Happens best in gases
EXAMPLE: The sun’s rays causing a sunburn.

24. Insulators
An insulator is a material that does not transfer heat easily.
Examples:
liquids and gases
A jacket