1. James Leigh, University of Nicosia Tracy Bucco Cultural Geography

2. Population Part 1 Crowd, http://lbcpastor.wordpress.com/tag/service/

3. This lecture’s reading Rubenstein, J. (2005), The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, Latest Edition, Saddle River, Prentice Hall. –Chapter: Population Fellman, J. Getis, A. and Getis, J. (2005), Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities, Latest Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill. –Chapter: Populations: World Patterns, Regional Trends

4. Preview summary MDCs: –low birth rates lead to –aging and –slowly growing population –only partly offset by immigration LDCs: –high birth rates lead to –young and rapidly growing population –which siphons off any economic surplus –and exhausts the economic ability of the country to supply a life of wellbeing to its people –(Corruption and lack of organization and infrastructure are also huge problems) (Tracy Bucco)

5. Some global facts More people alive now than ever – 6.5 billion people In last half of the 20 th century world populations increased rapidly Virtually all global population growth is concentrated LDCs MDCs have stable or shrinking populations World pockets of over- and under- population

6. Population concentrations 75% world population live on 5% of earth’s surface World population clusters in 5 areas: –East Asia –South Asia –Southeast Asia –Western Europe –Eastern Nth America On the population cartogram country size is related to population Population cartogram, http://www.santafe.edu/~mgastner/cartogram/cartogram.html

7. Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867

8. Where do they live? ~ 88% ~ 12% (Fellmann et al)

9. Where are the people? Population largely clustered 10 o - 55 o N In low flat areas, near oceans or rivers with good soil Not in dry, polar or highland areas Climates, http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.as px?type=image&img=GC Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867

10. Sparsely populated areas Humans avoid harsh environments Permanently settled areas are the ecumene: not too wet/dry or too hot/cold or too high or too mountainous The ecumene world area ever increases Ecumene shown in greens  (Rubenstein)

11. 5 hypotheses: where we don’t live 1.Dry 2.Wet (?) 3.Hot 4.Cold 5.High http://skyblu.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/hot-world.jpg

12. Sparsely populated areas Dry Lands –20% earth’s surface –Largest areas: 15 o -50 o N, and 20 o -50 o S –N Africa and SW and central Asia –Nomads and oil rich, some irrigation Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867 World Deserts, http://www.powayusd.com/teachers/blees/desert_locations.htm

13. Sparsely populated areas Wet Lands –Very wet areas are inhospitable –20 o N and S or equator –Interiors of S America, Central Africa, SE Asia –At least 1.25 m and most 2.25 m rainfall –Rain + heat depleted soil, makes agriculture difficult –Rainfall may be seasonal or spread across the year –Seasonal wet lands can grow food, e.g. rice in SE Asia Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867 Humid tropical areas, http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n9_supp/fig_tab/nrmicro1525_F2.html

14. Sparsely populated areas Hot lands –N & S Africa –Middle East –Persian Gulf –N Australia –W USA –Many are deserts –Hostile environment –Demands changed behaviour Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867 Hottest deserts, http://www.didcotgirls.oxon.sch.uk/depts/geog/bcs_geography/deserts.htm

15. Sparsely populated areas Cold Lands –N and S poles with extreme cold and permafrost –Polar regions have: Actually little precipitation Can’t crop or have animals Few humans Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867 Cold lands, http://www.athropolis.com/weather1.htm

16. Sparsely populated areas High Lands –Steep, snow cover and few people –½ Switzerland is >1,000 m high, only 5% of people live there –Some exceptions: S America and Africa where high altitude living may be more comfortable E.g. Mexico City 2,243 m high, Nairobi 1,800 m high Population density, http://www.maps.com/ref_map.aspx?pid=12867 Relief mag, http://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml

17. Population density: Arithmetic density (Rubenstein)

18. Population density: Physiological density (Rubenstein)

19. Agricultural density Agricultural density: Number of farmers for arable land area Tractor, http://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/834639-case-580c-tractor-workshop-service-repair-manual

20. Population density compared NationArithmetic density Physiological density Agricultural density % farmers % arable Canada335149 Egypt7035031401402 Bangladesh91013598836567 Japan3363054214711 (Bernstein)

21. Population measurements (Crude) Birth Rate (CBR): –Number of births for 1,000 people in a year CBR, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Birth_rate_figures_for_countries.PNG

22. Contraception, http://www.wwan.cn/Pubs/chronicle/2002/issue3/0302p44_contraceptives_map.jpg

23. World abortion laws Abortion laws, http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/mapworldablegs.gif

24. Population measurements (Crude) Death Rate (CDR): –Number of death for 1,000 people in a year CDR, http://www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/ib_population/popn_mort_revision.htm

25. Population measurements Natural Increase Rate (NIR): –NIR = CBR – CDR –This figure excludes immigration NIR, http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=image&img=PIAG

26. Many visual items are used in the course. They have been collected in “notes” over several years. If any items are unreferenced please let us know. We would be happy to give credits. James Leigh, University of Nicosia Tracy Bucco