1. March 2005 Slide 1 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks Submission Title: [Status report of the subgroup on channel modeling] Date Submitted: [March 16, 2005] Source: (1) Bruce Bosco, Motorola (2) Celestino Corral, Freescale (3) Shahriar Emami, Freescale (4) Gregg Levin, BridgeWave (5) Abbie Mathew, NewLANS Purpose:[Contribution to 802.15 SG3c at March 2005 meeting in Atlanta, GA] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

2. March 2005 Slide 2 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Objective Develop channel models based on applications submitted in response to the CFA. Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

3. March 2005 Slide 3 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Status  Nine conference calls to date  Participation 15 members in subgroup15 members in subgroup Average of 5 per conference callAverage of 5 per conference call 3 minimum (in early days)3 minimum (in early days) 8 maximum (at the last conference call)8 maximum (at the last conference call)  Tasks completed Classified applicationsClassified applications Reviewed 59 papers and classified themReviewed 59 papers and classified them  Refer to document 148 for details Classified operating environmentClassified operating environment Classified channel modelsClassified channel models Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

4. March 2005 Slide 4 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Profile of Applications # Description of Applications Outdoor Document Number 1 Vertically connected wireless link, fixed wireless access  LOS, simplex  Data rate: ?  Range: ≤ 33 m  Analog signal 6, 92, 352, 649 2 Fixed wireless access, distribution in stadiums, apartments, etc.  LOS  P2P, P2MP  Data rate: 156 Mbps to ≥ 1 Gbps  Range: 220 m to 1 km 118, 153, 352 3 Inter-vehicle communication  LOS, FDD  P2P  Data rate: 1.25 Gbps duplex  Range: 10 m 19, 352 Abbie Mathew, NewLANS.. continued..

5. March 2005 Slide 5 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Profile of Applications # Description of Applications Indoor Document Number 4  Gigabit Ethernet link, wireless IEEE1394, wireless USB  Wireless home video server connected to HDTV, PC and other video devices  LOS, FDD  Data rate: 400 Mbps to 3.2 Gbps  Range: ≤ 17 m 19, 348, 351, 653, 665 5 Connecting multimedia devices (wireless home link), ad-hoc meeting, heavy content download, distribution system  LOS, TDD  Data rate: ≥ 1 Gbps  Range: ~ 10m 97, 98, 118, 153, 155, 156, 351, 352, 514 6 Small office/meeting scenario, general office applications, PowerPoint applications  LOS and NLOS  OFDM  Data Rate: ≤ 200 Mbps  Range: 2 to 4 m  Space diversity 141 Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

6. March 2005 Slide 6 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Operating Environment EnvironmentModel Indoor Enterprise Convention center A Open office A Intra closed office B Inter closed office C WarehouseA Residential Intra closed room B Inter closed room C Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro D StadiumD Residential Home-to-homeD Utility pole-to-home D MDU vertical link D Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicleE Vehicle-to-fixed station E Abbie Mathew, NewLANS.. continued..

7. March 2005 Slide 7 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Operating Environment Abbie Mathew, NewLANS EnvironmentModel Indoor Enterprise Convention center A Open office Warehouse Intra closed office B Residential Intra closed room Enterprise Inter closed office C Residential Inter closed room Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro DStadium Residential Home-to-home Utility pole-to-home MDU vertical link Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicle E Vehicle-to-fixed station

8. March 2005 Slide 8 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model Classification ModelMultipath Obstruction in LOS Doppler A Light to moderate Humans, walls, etc. Some: ≤ 3 m/s BHeavy Humans, walls, etc. Some: ≤ 3 m/s C Very heavy Humans, walls, etc. Some: ≤ 3 m/s D Very light to moderate Atmospheric particulates, glass, etc. None E Moderate to heavy Atmospheric particulates, walls, etc. Heavy, speed ≤ 95 km/h Indoor Outdoor Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

9. March 2005 Slide 9 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Qualification of Data Rate  Specify if the data rate is at the PHY SAP or PMD SAP  Any reference to data rate will assume simplex link as existing 802.15.3 MAC only supports TDD Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

10. March 2005 Slide 10 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Reviewers ModelReviewers A  Shahriar Emami  Abbie Mathew B C D  Sean Cahill  Eli Pasternak E  Bruce Bosco  Celestino Corral Indoor Outdoor Abbie Mathew, NewLANS Brief on 802.11p Will be presented by Gregg Levin

11. March 2005 Slide 11 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models A, B, & C  A: Convention center, ware house  B: Residential  C: Office Shahriar Emami, Freescale Indoor Environment

12. March 2005 Slide 12 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models A, B, & C  Measurements in a library verify one cluster S-V model (BROADWAY).  Measurements in an office environment verify S-V model (Samsung).  Other measurements have seen multi or single cluster structure in S-V model.  Proposed models include, single and multi cluster S-V model, modified S-V and frequency domain approach. Shahriar Emami, Freescale Findings

13. March 2005 Slide 13 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models A, B, & C  There is a fair amount of published work on 60 GHz indoor channel modeling.  Measurement environments include room, library and office.  Majority of published work recommend some form of S-V model.  There is no published results for convention center or ware houses environments. Shahriar Emami, Freescale Conclusions

14. March 2005 Slide 14 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models A, B, & C 1)BROADWAY functional system parameter description 2)BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its modeling" 3)Compound statistical model for 60 GHz channel 4)MEDIAN 60 GHz wideband indoor radio channel measurements and model 5)Analysis of 60 GHz band indoor wireless channels with channel configuration 6)Indoor channel modeling at 60 GHz for wireless LAN application 7)A statistical model for the mmW indoor radio channel 8)Wireless broadband multimedia communications in mmW: frequency domain simulation of the frequency selective radio channel Shahriar Emami, Freescale References

15. March 2005 Slide 15 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Contents  Operating Environment  Outdoor Channel Phenomena  Oxygen effects  Rain Effects and Prediction models  Notes on Multipath phenomena  References

16. March 2005 Slide 16 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Operating Environment EnvironmentModel Indoor Enterprise Convention center A Open office Warehouse Intra closed office B Residential Intra closed room Enterprise Inter closed office C Residential Inter closed room Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro DStadium Residential Home-to-home Utility pole-to-home MDU vertical link Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicle E Vehicle-to-fixed station

17. March 2005 Slide 17 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Previous Studies & References  BROADWAY studied 60 GHz for HIPERLAN outdoor propagation effects  CRABS – outdoor millimetric wave prop. study  ITU CCIR reports on propagation through the atmosphere  Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and Izadpanah 802.161pc-00_12: 42GHz in campus with obstructions; 200m-600m found multipath

18. March 2005 Slide 18 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale General Characteristics  Expected high bit rates, typical >1 Gbps oOtherwise current 802.11 802.15 802.16 will be more cost effective  Expected higher gain antenna to cover distance oDirectional antennas are less sensitive to multipath  At large distance (> 200 m) oxygen absorption and rain scattering/depolarization become significant

19. March 2005 Slide 19 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Channel Model Phenomena  Basic free-space loss (Lfs)  Obstructions blockage (Lb)  Multipath fading/delay spread  Precipitation link loss by scattering and depolarization, dominated by rain effects, (  R)  Oxygen absorption (  O )  Channel loss for distance “d” (all in dB):  L (d) = 20 log[l/(4*p*d)] + (  O +  R )*d  Note the exponential-distance effect of oxygen and rain

20. March 2005 Slide 20 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Oxygen Absorption & Rain Attenuation 57-66 GHz (12-16 dB/km) FSO (30-400 THz)

21. March 2005 Slide 21 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU)

22. March 2005 Slide 22 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU)  Peak – 15dB/km at 60 GHz  About 12dB/km at edge of FCC band  Decreases with altitude, air temperature, falling barometric pressure  Long range links should use band edge and LANs should sue the center

23. March 2005 Slide 23 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Rain Zones In The Americas (ITU) Example * 60 GHz Max. Link Distances A = 840m B = 800m C = 775m D = 745m E = 725m F = 690m K = 625m M = 555m N = 480m * 141 dB link budget 14 dB/km oxygen loss 99.99% availability

24. March 2005 Slide 24 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Rain Attenuation (dB/Km)

25. March 2005 Slide 25 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale Rain Loss Prediction Models  ITU oFigure rain statistics from Rep 563-4 oFigure attenuation from Rep. 721-3  Crane oMore detailed statistics oMore refined rain zones oComputerized version available oAvailable for North America only oCrane appears to be more pessimistic than ITU

26. March 2005 Slide 26 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D Shahriar Emami, Freescale 60 GHz LOS  The space between two radios separated distance D shall be free of obstacles within a radius R (“First Fresnel Zone”)  R (at mid point between radios) = 0.5 * (D * wavelength) 1/2  For more details: BROADWAY-WP1-D2 R D Path Length (meters) Minimum Clearance (meters) 2500.56 5000.79 7500.97

27. March 2005 Slide 27 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D 60 GHz NLOS Path Tools

28. March 2005 Slide 28 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D 60GHz LOS Multipath Phenomena  Negligible under no-precipitation if directional antennas are used and the first Fresnel zone is unobstructed  Reflections from objects and ground caused multipath as reported by BROADWAY, CRABS and Xu.  Outdoor short-range applications need multipath model. Since S_V is general enough, it could be adopted for these applications.

29. March 2005 Slide 29 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Models D References  ITU, Reports of the CCIR, 1990, Annex to Volume V, “Propagation in Non-Ionized Media”  BROADWAY WP1D2 2001: “Functional System Parameters Description”, including Annex 1 and Annex 2.  CRAB D3P1B 1999: “Propagation Planning Procedure For LMDS”  Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and Izadpanah:Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of 60-GHz  Indoor Channels - 802.161pc-00_12

30. March 2005 Slide 30 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E  Vehicle to vehicle  Vehicle to fixed-station  Moderate to large multipath effects  Potentially non LOS  Doppler effects Outdoor Mobile Environment Bruce Bosco, Motorola

31. March 2005 Slide 31 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E For outdoor, city environments, disregarding effects from motion: 1.In general, if streets are empty (no major reflection sources or obstructions) there is a tendency that the delay parameter values will increase with increasing street width. 2.City streets do not normally represent a severe multipath situation 3.The dimensions of a city square, typically being larger than the city streets, results in much larger dispersion. 4. A road tunnel represents a very homogeneous situation and has many similarities to the city street environment. 5.A parking garage represents a bad multipath situation because of the large dimensions and the relatively smooth surfaces creating strong reflections. Findings Bruce Bosco, Motorola.. continued..

32. March 2005 Slide 32 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E For outdoor, city environments, disregarding effects from motion: 6.A decrease on the wall roughness (as for example a shopping street with many windows) will lead to an increase of the delay (which is due to higher reflections from the walls) of about 10 ns. 7.The presence of trees in the street decreases the values by 3 to 4 ns (assuming that the direct ray is not obstructed), which is not very significant. 8.An increase of the street width will augment the values of the parameters of the impulse response.  Reference: [1] Findings Bruce Bosco, Motorola

33. March 2005 Slide 33 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E Findings: General Bruce Bosco, Motorola 1)The 60 GHz channel can be modeled as a received waveform that is a superposition of three components.  Propagation along a line of sight path.  A path reflected from the road surface.  Paths from the large number of reflectors and scatters in vicinity of the road.  Model “proved” through “extensive simulations”.  Reference: [2] 2)The statistical evaluation of extensive field measurements at 60 GHz showed that the channel behavior can be described by a Rice/Raleigh lognormal process.  This process describes multipath effects as well as shadowing by obstacles.  Reference: [3].. continued..

34. March 2005 Slide 34 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E Findings: General Bruce Bosco, Motorola 3)A more realistic channel can be realized by combining a two-path model with addition multipath propagation.  Range is substantially reduced if LOS is obstructed by trees, buildings, etc.  The minima of the two-path model are filled up by the multipath signal.  Reference [4], [5] 4) A realistic channel model can be developed using a deterministic approach.  For LOS conditions, only two factors are needed to predict the channel model: Rice-factor and the variance of the antenna height fluctuation.  Reference [6]

35. March 2005 Slide 35 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E Conclusions Bruce Bosco, Motorola 1)There are some publications and models for 60 GHz mobile applications. 2)Models and measured data exists for relative vehicle speeds on the order of 108 Km/hr. 3)Path loss models should be applicable. 4)Data related modeling may or may not scale – data rates in referenced models were in the range of Kbps to ~ 10s Mbps…

36. March 2005 Slide 36 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Model E References Bruce Bosco, Motorola 1)BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its modeling“ 2)Analysis of a digital modem for continuous phase CDMA terrestrial mobile radio 3)Computer aided design and evaluation of mobile radio local area networks in RTI/IVHS environment 4)Channel modeling of short range radio links at 60 GHz for mobile intervehicle communication 5)Propagation characteristics of short range radio links at 60 GHz for mobile intervehicle communication 6)A new deterministic/stochastic approach to model the intervehicle channel at 60 GHz

37. March 2005 Slide 37 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Brief on 802.11p  Purpose: Amendment to IEEE 802.11 to support vehicular communications including rail and marine.  Scope: oRange: Up to 1000 m oSpeed: Up to 200 km/h oBand: 5.850 - 5.925 GHz in North America oData rates: Up to 54 Mb/s  Example Applications oIntersection collision warning oStopped vehicle hazard warning oEmergency vehicle approach warning oWork zone warning. oRoad hazard warning. 802.11p PAR Celestino Corral, Freescale

38. March 2005 Slide 38 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Brief on 802.11p  ASTM International Standard E2213-03.  ISO TC204/WG15 wide area communication is working on ISO CD 21215 (CALM M5); 802.11p structured so as not to overlap with this effort.  IEEE 802.20 differentiator: oSpot or narrow zone coverage. oDifferent frequency band. oTarget safety related transportation application at very high data rates up to 27 or 54 Mbps. Projects With Similar Scope Celestino Corral, Freescale

39. March 2005 Slide 39 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Brief on 802.11p  IEEE 802.11p, like ASTM International Standard E2213- 03 is based on the IEEE 802.11a physical layer.  IEEE 802.11a physical layer is based on OFDM and designed for quasi-static environment.  Assumed channel models are similar to those used for IEEE 802.11a. (No 802.11p specific channel models have been found.)  Challenge for 802.11p is mobility. For very short messages, 802.11a can handle channel.* IEEE 802.11p Specifics Celestino Corral, Freescale * S. Sibecas, C. A. Corral, S. Emami and G. Stratis, “On the suitability of 802.11a/RA for high-mobility DSRC,” VTC 2002, vol. 1, pp. 229 - 234.

40. March 2005 Slide 40 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Brief on 802.11p  Key differentiators as related to SG3c: oUse of IEEE 802.15 MAC oDifferent frequency band oHigher data rates  For large data downloads to a stationary vehicle, simply form piconet with vehicle (no mobility).  In application spaces considered, 802.11p meets requirements and has support. Activity by SG3c along these lines will overlap with 11p and must be approved by Excom. Recommendations Celestino Corral, Freescale

41. March 2005 Slide 41 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Next Action Items  Review channel model papers  Simulate models in mathlab  Develop a channel model document  Review cycle  Submit at IEEE meeting in Garden Grove in September Abbie Mathew, NewLANS Nine months effort

42. March 2005 Slide 42 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Call For Participation  Request your participation – join us!  Next weekly meeting is on March 21,2005, Monday  Dial-in number: +(641) 497-7100  Access code: 657719#  Time UTC/GMT: 1900 hoursUTC/GMT: 1900 hours Eastern Standard Time: 1400 hoursEastern Standard Time: 1400 hours Mountain Time: 1200 hoursMountain Time: 1200 hours Pacific Standard Time: 1100 hoursPacific Standard Time: 1100 hours Japan, South Korea: 0400 hours, +1 dayJapan, South Korea: 0400 hours, +1 day Abbie Mathew, NewLANS

43. March 2005 Slide 43 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/133r0 Submission Time For Future Conference Calls United States - Massachusetts United States - ArizonaUnited States - CaliforniaJapan Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 3:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 2:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 4:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 3:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 8:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 4:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 9:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 8:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 10:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 9:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 11:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 10:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 8:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 AM Tue 1/25/2005 12:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 11:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 9:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 8:00 AM Tue 1/25/2005 1:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 12:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 10:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 9:00 AM Tue 1/25/2005 2:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 1:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 11:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 10:00 AM Tue 1/25/2005 3:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 2:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 12:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 11:00 AM Tue 1/25/2005 4:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 3:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 1:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 12:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 5:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 4:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 2:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 1:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 6:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 3:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 2:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 7:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 4:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 3:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 8:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 4:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 9:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 8:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 5:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 10:00 AM Mon 1/24/2005 9:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 7:00 PM Mon 1/24/2005 6:00 PM Tue 1/25/2005 11:00 AM 1 2 Abbie Mathew, NewLANS