3.  Who? What do they do?  Governor -Appoints Councils -Passes laws  Executive Council -Apply the laws, ex: make sure road are built  Legislative Council -Approve or modify bills -They are appointed.  Legislative Assembly -Pass laws, propose taxes -They are elected.

4. Legislative Assembly ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE Legislative Council APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR

5.  Elected: means that the population voted to have these people in government.  Appointed: means that someone else put them in that position, they are chosen.  Revenue: is when you receive money, ex: from taxes.  Expense: is when you spend money, ex: on roads.

6.  For a law to be passed:  It had to be voted on by the majority of the Legislative Assembly.  The Legislative Council had to approve then send it to the Governor.  If the Governor did not like it, you had to start the whole thing over again!

7.  English wanted ◦ Taxes for roads ◦ Taxes on land ◦ Build canals, bridges, etc.  French wanted to keep ◦ Seigneurial system ◦ French civil laws ◦ Taxes on business

8.  Even if the Legislative Assembly can make laws, both the Executive Council and Governor can veto those laws.  VETO means to overturn a law.  The French want their elected Assembly to have more power.

9.  1800Lower Canada has 160 000 people Upper Canada has 20 000 people  1815 1 st wave of immigration  Irish, Scots, English, all looking for a better life  1820-18501 million new people are competing for jobs, bringing in disease, overcrowding the land  1840Lower Canada has 717 000 Upper Canada à 432 000  1851Lower Canada has 890 000 Upper Canada has 950 000

10.  The United States and Britain fought a from 1812 to 1814. It was fought over control of the British North American colonies.  Although outnumbered, combined British, Canadian and Indian forces were able to repel the American invasion.  The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1814.

11.  As the situation was balanced, there was no exchange of territory.  So why is it important?  The conflict was an important event in establishing a Canadian identity and reinforcing ties with Britain.

12. By late 1837, a number of factors pushed Lower Canada into armed insurrection:  The poor international economy of the 1830s.  Crop failures in parts of Lower Canada in 1837, which left many farmers near starvation.  An increase in immigration from the British Isles.  An outbreak of cholera (a disease), brought by immigrants.

13. o Papineau was the leader of the Parti Canadien, which later became the Parti Patriote. o He wrote the 92 Resolutions, demanding changes in the government.

14.  In March 1837, the Russell Resolutions rejected all the major demands of the Patriotes.  The Patriotes began to boycott British goods and organize rallies. Preparations began for armed insurrection.  The government attempted to arrest the leaders of the Parti Patriote. The leaders fled to the countryside and the rebellion began.

15.  Most of the fighting took place in three main battles: the Battle of St-Denis (which was won by the rebels), the Battle of St-Charles and the Battle of St-Eustache (both won by British forces).

16.  Because the government had anticipated the insurrection and had moved troops into the province, the rebellion was quickly crushed.  Papineau and other nationalist leaders fled to the United States. Many of the rebels who fled found support there.  In November 1838, they returned to Lower Canada with hopes of sparking a mass uprising. Once again, they were quickly suppressed.