1. Anger in Upper and Lower Canada
Causes of the 1837 rebellions

2. Lower Canada = French = present day Quebec Upper Canada = English = present day Ontario
What do we know about the people in these 2 colonies? (think: last unit, gr )

3. This unit is about how the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada both rebelled against their government. Why? What happened?

4. Types of Government
What is representative government? What is Responsible Government? What did the Colonies have?
Government is elected by voters – represents the people
Voters have the power to vote out/ remove a government that does not please them (responsible to the people)
Run by Britain/ Governor and small group of aristocrats (oligarchy)

5. Types of Government
What is an oligarchy? Who are the oligarchies in Upper and Lower Canada? Are the Colonies Democratic?
Rule (governance) by a small, select group of people
Upper Canada: Family Compact
Lower Canada: Chateau Clique
Colonies are NOT democratic –Government is not representative or responsible

6. Types of Government What is the government in both colonies? Governor
(represents Britain)
Executive Legislative Council Council
(Both councils appointed by Governor – all members are part of the
Family compact or the Chateau Clique)
Legislative Assembly
(elected by Male Property owners in colony)

7. Type of Government Why is this colonial government not democratic?
Governor and his councils (Family Compact/ Chateau clique) could Veto all laws passed in Elected legislative assembly (and often did)

8. Stop: answer in small groups!
What do the following words mean:
Oligarchy
Democracy
Representative government
Responsible government
Why was the government in Upper and lower Canada not responsible?
3. What group had all the power in Upper Canada? In Lower Canada?

9. Answers Oligarchy: a small group with all power
Democracy: Power held by the people
Representative Gov.: people vote representatives
Responsible gov.: responsible to the will of the people; representatives have power to make change, and people can vote them out
Gov. not responsible as governor general and legislative / executive council are not elected and can veto all passed by elected legislative assembly
Upper Canada: Family Compact, Lower Canda: Chateau Clique

10. Upper Canada
What did the Family Compact Veto? What are the Colonists angry about? Who is Robert Gourlay?
Roads/ development in crown and church land
Ignore land speculation/ problems with absentee landlords
No land
No roads (crown/ clergy land in the way)
Family Compact has all the power
Land agent
Created petition for change in policy
Arrested and deported
Unifies opposition

11. Upper Canada Who is William Lyon Mackenzie?
Leader of protest/ for reform
Newspaper: “Colonial Advocate” prints articles against gov. and family compact
When Family Compact ransacked his office he sued
Elected to Legislative Assembly 1828
Leader of Reform/ rebellion

12. Stop: answer in small groups!
Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper Canada?
2. What was Upper Canada mad about? (why rebel?)

13. answers
Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper Canada? William Lyon Mackenzie
What was Upper Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
No land available to immigrants
No roads (crown/ clergy land in the way)
Family Compact has all the power (not responsible government)

14. Lower Canada What issues anger Lower Canada?
Discrimination against the French by the English
No Representation in Government
High Taxes

15. Lower Canada Who were the Chateau Clique?
What is the problem with the Chateau Clique?
Ruling Oligarchy – controls business and government
All English Speaking/ British
English/ protestant Minority (less than ¼ of pop.) has all the political/ economic power in a French Catholic colony
Feel like Church and Seigneurs sold out to English
Angry that Legislative Assembly is powerless (Veto power of councils/ Governor like upper Canada) and taxes are high

16. Lower Canada What Land Problems does Lower Canada face?
How does Nationalism contribute to anger in Lower Canada?
Unlike Upper: No land speculators
Settled for 200 years = land less fertile/ crops fail
Can only feed families
Import Wheat from Upper Canada = Economic deficit/ failure
Alternative (forestry) restricted by Seigneurs
Want to protect language/ religion/ culture form British rule
Fear assimilation through English immigration (become outnumbered)

17. Lower Canada What events anger the French?
: -church/ seigneurs attempt to Unite Upper and Lower Canada and make English official Language Fails
Anger and Betrayal
1832 :Ship brought Cholera to Lower Canada
Paranoid – fear Britain is using biological warfare

18. Lower Canada Who is Louis Joseph Papineau? Who is James Craig?
Leader of reform movement
lawyer/ Seigneur
Speaker of Legislative Assembly in 1815
Leader of Parti Canadien
1807 –British Governor of Lower Canada
Anti- French , arrested anyone against the government
Closed reform newspaper “Le Canadien”

19. Lower Canada What are the 92 resolutions?
What is the British response to the 92 resolutions?
Protesters shot by British soldier in Montreal
Papineau creates “92 resolutions” demanding reform (gives to Governor)
Reply is 3 years later
“10 resolutions” denying rights to Legislative Assembly
Leads to Rebellion

20. Stop: Answer in small groups!
Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower Canada?
What was Lower Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?

21. Answers
Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower Canada? Louis Joseph Papineau
What was Lower Canada mad about? (why rebel?)
Government not representative (english minority),or responsible (veto power)
Fear of losing Language / religion / culture
Economic difficulties and upper class (seigneurs) don’t allow access to lumber for more $
What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?
92 resolutions are ignored, then denied by British Gov.

22. Assignment
Complete a Venn Diagram comparing the CAUSES of the Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada (what were they upset about?)
READ p. 73 – 76 (including the Comic) and fill out the timeline of WHAT HAPPENED in the rebellions in both Upper and Lower Canada
THIS IS DUE NEXT CLASS