1. B ULLYING V ICTIMIZATION IN D ELAWARE DE-PBS Annual Celebration April 29, 2014

2. I NFORMATION TO BE C OVERED 2013 Delaware School Climate Survey - Student results related to bullying Importance of other school climate factors in relation to bullying Bullying victimization of students with disabilities Implications for bullying prevention

3. D ELAWARE S CHOOL C LIMATE S URVEY I TEMS

4. Subscales of 2013 Delaware School Climate Surveys Student SurveyTeacher/Staff SurveyHome Survey Part I : School Climate Teacher-Student Relations Student-Student Relations Respect for Diversity Clarity of Expectations Fairness of Rules School Safety Student Engagement School- wide Bullying School-wide Teacher-Home Communications Staff Relations Total School Climate Parent Satisfaction 4

5. B ULLYING S CHOOL -W IDE Items “Students threaten and bully others in this school” “Students worry about others bullying them in this school” “In this school, bullying is a problem” “Students bully one another in this school” Scores range from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree) Note: A high score for this subscale is unfavorable

6. PART II: Techniques Student SurveyTeacher/Staff SurveyHome Survey Positive Behavior Techniques Punitive Techniques Social Emotional Learning Techniques 6

7. Part III: Bullying & IV: Engagement (Individual Level) Student Survey Teacher/Staff Survey Home Survey Bullying Victimization 1 Physical Bullying Verbal Bullying Social/Relational Bullying Cyberbullying 2 Student Engagement Cognitive & Behavioral Emotional 1 Grades 6-12 only for the printed version. Optional for grades 4-5 with computer version. 2 Grades 6-12 only.

8. Verbal Bullying “A student said mean things to me.” Physical Bullying “I was pushed or shoved on purpose.” Social/Relational Bullying “A student told/got others to not like me.” Cyberbullying “A student sent me a mean or hurtful message about me using email, text messaging, instant messaging, or similar electronic messaging.” Scores range from 1 (Never) to 6 (Everyday) B ULLYING V ICTIMIZATION I TEM E XAMPLES

9. 9 2013 Survey Sample Student SurveyTeacher SurveyHome Survey Elementary Schools89 83 Respondents18498339115795 Middle Schools282926 Respondents1097113343522 High Schools18 13 Respondents724510841177 Alternative Schools443 Respondents1896559 Special Schools488 Respondents244340298 Early Childhood Schools055 Respondents0116361 Other Schools1097 Respondents31163011061

10. S URVEY R ESULTS

11. Student perceptions tend to decrease, especially from elementary to middle school Total School Climate by Student Grade

12. The following percentages agreed or strongly agreed that bullying was a problem in their school: Elementary StudentsTeachers 53.4%16.8% S CHOOL - WIDE B ULLYING R ESULTS Middle StudentsTeachers 49.2%34.1% High StudentsTeachers 43.8%32.3%

13. The following percentages agreed or strongly agreed that bullying was a problem in their school: 3 rd Grade StudentsTeachers 60.3%18.2% S CHOOL - WIDE B ULLYING R ESULTS – GRADES 3-5 4 th Grade StudentsTeachers 53.2%21.2% 5 th Grade StudentsTeachers 45.5%20.4%

14. The following percentages agreed or strongly agreed that bullying was a problem in their school: 6 th Grade StudentsTeachers 48%30.7% S CHOOL - WIDE B ULLYING R ESULTS – GRADES 6-8 7 th Grade StudentsTeachers 51.9%40.9% 8 th Grade StudentsTeachers 45.6%31.8%

15. The following percentages agreed or strongly agreed that bullying was a problem in their school: 9 th Grade StudentsTeachers 46.4%31.5% S CHOOL - WIDE B ULLYING R ESULTS – GRADES 9-12 10 th Grade StudentsTeachers 43.9%29.2% 11 th Grade StudentsTeachers 44.6%31.5% 12 th Grade StudentsTeachers 39.9%20.0%

16. B ULLYING V ICTIMIZATION R ESULTS Percentages indicate the number of students who reported this occurring to them at least once a week: Verbal Bullying ItemElementaryMiddleHigh I was teased by someone saying hurtful things to me 12.6%14.0%11.5% A student said mean things to me13.6%14.3%12.2% I was called names I didn’t like11.2%12.5%10.9% Hurtful jokes were made up about me 8.3%9.2%8.6%

17. B ULLYING V ICTIMIZATION R ESULTS Percentages indicate the number of students who reported this occurring to them at least once a week: Social/Relational Bullying ItemElementaryMiddleHigh Students left me out of things to make me feel badly 8.8%7.6%7.5% A student told/got others to not like me 7.9%8.2%8.3% A student got others to say mean things about me 6.7%7.9%8.0% Students told another student not to be friends with me because other students didn’t like me 7.2%7.5%8.1%

18. B ULLYING V ICTIMIZATION R ESULTS Percentages indicate the number of students who reported this occurring to them at least once a week: Physical Bullying ItemElementaryMiddleHigh I was pushed or shoved on purpose7.4%8.9%8.2% I was hit or kicked and it hurt6.2%5.9%5.8% A student threatened to harm me6.0%6.4%6.6% A student stole or broke something of mine on purpose 5.3%5.8%5.9%

19. S CHOOL C LIMATE AND B ULLYING Caution: Correlation does not mean causation Direction of influence is likely to be bidirectional: Bullying creates a negative climate, and a positive school climate helps prevent bullying

20. Elementary School (School Level Results) Verbal Bullying Physical Bullying Social Bullying Total School Climate -.50**-.42**-.43** Engagement: Cog. & Behav-.33** -.30** Engagement: Emotional-.52**-.43**-.45** Punitive Techniques.62**.55**.56** Positive Techniques-.20-.11-.12 SEL Techniques-.39**-.31* N = 70, ** p ≤.001; p ≤.05

21. Gain Scores (2012-2013) Controlling for Grade Level Verbal Bullying Physical Bullying Social Bullying Teacher-Student Relations-23*-.38**-.36** Student-Student Relations-.29**-.24*-.28** Respect for Diversity-.25*-.39**-.41** Engagement-.15-.26**-.25* Clarity of Expectations-.01-.16-.15 Fairness of Rules.03-.15-.10 Safety-.04-.17-.18 N = 41; *p ≤.05, **p ≤.01

22. B ULLYING AND S TUDENTS WITH D ISABILITIES Disability Odds Ratio Global Bullying Item Verbal Items Social Items Physical Items Emotional Disturbance6.96 b 13.32 c 3.44 a 7.57 c Other Health Impaired1.88 c 1.45 b 1.321.44 a Hearing Impaired1.522.66 a 2.72 a 2.52 a Visually Impaired/Blind2.323.70 a 3.87 a.76 Autism Spectrum Disorder1.491.322.53 b 1.48 Mild Intellectual Disability2.241.572.172.10 Moderate Intellectual Disability2.24.341.72.58 Specific Learning Disability1.32 a 1.081.281.09 Speech/Language Impairment1.151.141.01.10 Orthopedic Disability.44.562.952.16 a.05, b.01, c.001. Note: Based on parents’ responses of once or twice per month or greater.

23. B ULLYING AND S TUDENTS WITH D ISABILITIES Percentage of parents responding “once or twice a month” or more: 50.0% of students with Emotional Disturbance 12.2% of students with Other Health Impairment 27.3% of students with Visual Impairment 20.0% of students with Hearing Impairment COMPARED TO 10.2% of students without disabilities “My child was bullied in this school” (General) 41.7% of students with Emotional Disturbance 6.6% of students with Other Health Impairment 5.9% of students with Specific Learning Disability COMPARED TO 5.2% of students without disabilities “A student said mean things to my child” (Verbal)

24. B ULLYING AND S TUDENTS WITH D ISABILITIES Percentage of parents responding “once or twice a month” or more: “My child was hit or kicked and it hurt” (Physical) 9.1% of students with Emotional Disturbance 4.2% of students with Hearing Impairment 9.1% of students with Visual Impairment 3.4% of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder COMPARED TO 2.3% of students without disabilities “Students left my child out of things to make him/her feel badly” (Social/Relational) 16.7% of students with Emotional Disturbance 8.7% of students with Hearing Impairment 27.3% of students with Visual Impairment 14.5% of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder COMPARED TO 4.6% of students without disabilities

25. I MPLICATIONS

26. G ENERAL I MPLICATIONS FOR B ULLYING P REVENTION Students report less bullying in schools with a positive school climate and where teachers emphasize the use of techniques for developing strong teacher-student relationships and students’ social and emotional skills Theory and research show that responsiveness (support) and demandingness (structure) are two essential dimensions of school climate and bullying prevention Thus, Tier 1 prevention should focus on improving those aspects of school climate

27. I MPLICATIONS FOR B ULLYING P REVENTION Students with disabilities are at greater risk for being bullied, but especially those with ED, HI, VI, and OHI Additional prevention efforts at Tiers 2 and 3 should be considered for these populations, as well as others who are at greatest risk for being bullied (or for bullying others)

28. I MPLICATIONS FOR B ULLYING P REVENTION SW-PBS program fidelity is important Differences between Delaware schools in school climate, bullying and the extent to which they are implementing SW- PBS Prevention efforts should be guided by a comprehensive needs assessment to determine the areas in which your school should devote resources to train staff Delaware Assessment of Strengths and Needs for PBS (DASNPBS) DE-PBS Key Feature Evaluation

29. Q UESTIONS ? George Bear: gbear@udel.edugbear@udel.edu Debby Boyer: dboyer@udel.edudboyer@udel.edu Sarah Hearn: skhearn@udel.eduskhearn@udel.edu Lindsey Mantz: lmantz@udel.edulmantz@udel.edu www.delawarepbs.org Thank you!