1. Roman Republic

2. The History of Rome Roman history in three major political phases:  The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally, rule by seven kings  The Republic (507-31)- Rule by Senate, Consuls, Assemblies, and dictators  The Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE )- Rule by emperors

3. The Etruscans Who were the Etruscans? They greatly influenced Rome. Little is known Art has given us the most clues –Wall paintings –Sculpture Society –Wealthy overlords –Aristocratic priests –Slave labor Lower classes revolted –Formed Rome The Tarquins

4. Romans rebel against cruel king in 509 B.C.E. Etruscan kings were accused of crimes and expelled. Law allowing anyone plotting to be king to be killed on the spot. Created a Republic Republic = form of government where the citizens have the power Start of a new Roman Government

5.  509 B.C.E. Rome = small city  Slowly expands.  338 B.C.E. defeat the other Latins  284 B.C.E. defeat Etruscans  267 B.C.E. defeat the Greeks  The Republic is growing ROMAN REPUBLIC 509 BCE – 46 BCE (approx 500 years)

6. What was life like in the Republic? ROME BECAME A LARGE CITY THAT WAS ABOUT 500 MILES AROUND OUSTED KING AND INVENTED REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT ONLY FREE-BORN MALES COULD VOTE (ROMAN MEN’S CLUB)

7. PATRICIANS WERE WEALTHY LANDOWNERS-MOST CONTROL PLEBEIANS WERE FARMERS, MERCHANTS AND ARTISANS PATRICIANS INHERITED POWER AND SOCIAL STATUS PLEBEIANS COULD NOT HOLD IMPORTANT POSITIONS IN GOVERNMENT

8.  Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy nobles and regular citizens. Plebeians Patricians

9.  Plebeians 1. Majority of the population 2. Artisans, shopkeepers, small farm owners 3. Citizens (male)– could vote, pay taxes, serve in army 4. Could not marry a Patrician 5. Could not serve in government  Patricians 1. Wealthy land owners 2. Nobles that made up the ruling class 3. Citizens (male)– could vote, had to pay taxes and serve in the army 4. Could not marry a Plebian 5. Could serve in government

10. Patricians Plebeians Slaves Power in the Roman Republic

11.  How the Roman Republic works Republic works

12. Senate Assembly Consuls Dictator. How the Republic Works Division of Power 1 person 2 men 300 members Rest of population population

13. 1. T op government official 2. T wo chosen every year 3. H eaded the army and ran the government 4. S erved short term….avoided risk of abusing power 5. V eto The right of the consul to reject the other’s decision. Latin for “I forbid” Consuls

14. 1. 3 00 men 2. C hosen for life 3. A dvise Consul 4. D eal with other countries 5. P roposes laws 6. A pprove public works 7. D eal with daily government problems Senate Latin for “old men”

15. Assembly 1. C itizen soldiers – a voting assembly 2. P ower comes slowly 3. First step towards democracy

16. Where are the Plebeians? Plebeians Had No Representation. How do you get what you want? GO ON STRIKE!!!

17. Why would the Plebeians refusing to fight in the army be a problem? Why would the Plebeians leaving the city be a problem?

18. TWELVE TABLES Plebeians go on strike for more say in the government. Leave the farms and the army to go sit on the Palatine Hill (Forum) Patricians compromise- Pass a written code of law called the TWELVE TABLES. Plebeian representative Power to veto Could not be arrested Chosen by the Assembly of Tribes Laws were harsh, but equal