1. Cell Division Test Review

2. CHROMOSOME DNA that coils around a protein

3. CHROMATIN Long thin UNCOILED strands of DNA. Form between divisions

4. CHROMATID At the beginning of cell division Coiled DNA

5. HISTONE The protein a chromatid wraps around to make a chromosome.

6. Haploid cells/ Sex cells/Gametes For all organisms in general It only contains 1 chromosome from each homologous pair and 1 sex chromosome A cell that contains ½ the amount of normal chromosomes

7. EXAMPLES Diploid # of an organism is 36 Haploid # would be? 18

8. Diploid cells/Body cells/ Somatic cells For all organisms in general A cell that contains all of its homologous pairs of chromosomes and its pair of sex chromosomes Ex 78

9. Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that are similar in size and shape and make a pair. They are not exact copies Sister chromatids Exact copy of a chromosome

10. MITOSIS Dividing of diploid cells to make more diploid cells

11. MEIOSIS The making of sex cells/ haploid cells or gametes from diploid cells

12. THREE STAGES G1 or Gap 1 1. Cell Membrane and cytoplasm double Cell doubles in size

13. 2. S stage or Synthesis Stage- Chromosomes/DNA Replicate or Double

14. 3. G2 or GAP 2– Cell doubles all other organelles

15. Cytokinesis The final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm and the cell membrane split creating 2 cells Plant cell form a cell plate between the 2 nuclei which forms a cell wall

16. HUMAN CELLS Diploid Cells 46 Haploid 23

17. Remember Diploid Cells---- have NO Genetic Variation---Identical Cells They are made to repair, replace and growth Asexual reproduction---offsprings are EXACTLY the same as parent.

18. Remember Haploid Cells---- have Genetic Variation---COMBO of parents genes They are made for sexual reproduction--- offsprings are NO EXACTLY the same as parent. Any cell that is a result of a division

19. Number of chromosomes in each cell in each phase Know how this works for other organisms

20. Study Picture handout of Mitosis

21. Prophase

22. Metaphasee

23. Anaphase

24. Telophase

25. Meiosis Homologous Chromosomes Separate during Anaphase I Sister Chromatids Separate during Anaphase II End Result ---4 Haploid Cells 4 Sex Cells 4 Gametes

26. Numbers of Meiosis Interphase—46/1cell Prophase II—46/2cells End Interphase---92/1 cell Metaphase II-46/2cells Prophase I---92/1 cell Anaphase II—46/2cells Metaphase I—92/1 cell Telophase II—23/4 cells Anaphase I—92/1 cell Telophase I—46/2 cells Know how this works for other organisms

27. Organisms go through Meiosis for Sexual Reproduction----variation in species Cells as a result---Sex cells, haploid cells, Gametes

28. Open Constructive Response Answer Following Slides

29. PROPHASE Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear Spindle fibers and centrioles appear Chromosomes become visible

30. METAPHASE META=MIDDLE Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to the center of the cell.

31. ANAPHASE SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE

32. TELOPHASE Nuclear Membrane and nucleolus reappear Centrioles and spindle fibers disappear Cell membrane splits into two new cells