1. CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS INVESTIGATION 5: ENERGY TRANSFER

2. KEY CONCEPTS MIXING WATER OF 2 TEMPERATURES RESULTS IN WATER OF AN INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE When mixing hot water (HIGH KINETIC ENERGY) with cold water (LOW KINETIC ENERGY)  WARM WATER (MED. KINETIC ENERGY)

3. KEY CONCEPTS SUBSTANCES HEAT OR COOL AS A RESULT OF ENERGY TRANSFER ENERGY TRANSFER = MOVEMENT OF ENERGY FORM 1 PLACE TO ANOTHER. CAN LEAD TO SOMETHING GETTING HOTTER OR COLDER (GAINING OR LOSING ENERGY) ENERGY ALWAYS TRANSFERS FROM HIGH KINETIC ENERGY TO LOW KINETIC ENERGY

4. KEY CONCEPTS PARTICLES ARE ALWAYS IN MOTION (KINETIC ENERGY). THE MORE KINETIC ENERGY SOMETHING HAS, THE HOTTER IT IS. ENERGY TRANSFERS BETWEEN PARTICLES WHEN THEY COLLIDE. ENERGY TRANSFER THAT RESULTS FROM COLLISIONS IS CALLED CONDUCTION. EQUILIBRIUM OCCURS WHEN TEMPERATURE IS UNIFORM

5. KEY CONCEPTS HEAT IS MEASURED IN CALORIES. ONE CALORIE WILL RAISE THE TEMPEREATURE OF 1g OF WATER 1 O C. TEMPERATURE MEASURES KINETIC ENERGY, WHILE HEAT IS THE MEASURE OF ENERGY TRANSFER, MEASURED IN CALORIES. cal = m X ^T The number of calories needed to change temperature of a mass of water is equal to the mass of water (in grams) times the temperature change (in degrees Celsius)

6. KEY CONCEPTS ^T = cal / m The temperature change of water (in degrees Celsius) is equal to the number of calories divided by the mass of water (in grams) TEMPERATURE IS MEASURED IN DEGREES CELSIUS ( O C). TEMPERATURE IS THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF PARTICLES.

7. KEY CONCEPTS ENERGY IS CONSERVED The amount of energy in a system is always the same; no energy is ever created, and no energy is ever destroyed. Energy can transfer from one place to another in that system, and it can be transformed from one kind of energy to another kind of energy.

8. KEY CONCEPTS WHEN A SYSTEM IS IN BALANCE, AND THERE IS NO NET ENERGY TRANSFER GOING ON, THE SYSTEM IS IN EQUILIBRIUM. AFTER MIXING HOT AND COLD WATER, THE FINAL TEMPERATURE IS ITS EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE.