1. Daily Science (on periodic table)
Using different colors, color in (with a crayon or colored pencil) the different families of the periodic table.
You should have the following families colored:
Alkali Metals
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Transition metals
Semi-conductors
Non-metals in groups 14-16
Metals in groups 13-16
Halogens
Noble gases
*Be sure to include a key on the back of your periodic table or on the last sheet in your notebook.

2. Forming Compounds and Molecules
Pg. 57

3. Chemical Bonds
The forces that hold atoms or ions together are chemical bonds.

4. Chemical Structure We use 3 models to show chemical structure
Ball-and-stick model:
Show the bond length and bond angle
Atoms are balls and bonds are sticks
Space-filling model:
Shows the space that the atoms take up
Structural formula:
Chemical symbols are used to represent atoms

5. Ball and Stick Model

6. Structural Formula

7. Space-filling model

8. Bonding Atoms bond when their valence electrons interact.
Atoms bond so that they satisfy the octet rule
There are 4 different types of bonds:
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Hydrogen

9. Ionic Bonds
Formed from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Formed between cation (positively charged) and anion (negatively charged).
Non-metal + metal
Formed by the transfer of electrons
Some atoms have more of an attraction for electrons. This is called electronegativity.
When melted or dissolved, they conduct electricity.
Ex. NaCl

10. Covalent Bonds Electrons are shared
They don’t usually conduct electrons
Nonmetal + nonmetal
More than one electron can be shared creating double and triple bonds

11. Metallic Bonds Called “sea of electrons” Can conduct electricity
Atoms are so closely packed that the outer energy levels overlap.
Usually occurs with transition metals

12. Hydrogen bonds Occur between hydrogen and either:
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
This is why some bugs can glide on top of water.

13. Polyatomic Ions Some compounds have ionic and covalent bonds
They act as a single unit
Parenthesis group polyatomic ions together
The subscript on the outside of a polyatomic ions applies to the whole ion
Ex: (NH4)2SO4