1. CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 TransAtlantic World- Life in Europe

2. Focus Question Answer the following prompt in your unit packets in 2-3 sentences: Some of you may have heard the phrase “Ignorance is bliss”, do you agree with this phrase? Why or why not?

3. DIRECTIONS: Read the descriptions of the four regions on the handout What region do you believe has the best chance in becoming the dominate power in the 1400s Write a 2-3 sentence response The World in the 1400s

4. Objectives Describe the conditions in Europe in the fifteenth century (1400). Analyze how the changes taking place in Europe affected the inhabitants. Describe the major developments on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the Renaissance.

5. Life in Europe in the 1400s The early years of the Middle Ages  Weak central government  Famine, disease and foreign invasion Development of political and cultural institutions  Population shifts after Black Death  Black Death (bubonic plague) killed about a third of Europeans  Why was most of the population located in the countryside?  Economy based off of agriculture

6. Life in Europe in the 1400s Movement to cities Growth of cities, especially in northern Italy and the Netherlands, meant more production  Manufacturing of cloth, tools, weapons, and ceramics Unequal classes  Ruling elite  Aristocrats  Merchants  Roman Catholic Church  King or Queen  Commoners  Middle- class families  Working poor

7. Less Than Five Percent Owned Almost all Land A monarch was at the top of the social pyramid in each kingdom. Aristocrats inherited social rank, title, and landed estates worked by peasants. Royalty and Aristocrats The elite also included leaders of the Roman Catholic Church. Wealthy merchants shipped cargoes between cities for profit. Church Leaders and Merchants

8. Commoners These families owned enough property to employ themselves as farmers, artisans, and shopkeepers. Accounted for only a fifth of the population. Middle- Class Families In good years, they farmed on rented land or worked for pay, and in bad years, many were beggars. Accounted for three-fifths of the population. The Working Poor

9. Warring States Western Europe divided Most powerful kingdoms: Castile, Portugal, France, and England Each kingdom was ruled by a monarch Kingdoms waged war on one another to gain new territories

10. You Ought to Be in Pictures! Directions:  Choose a person in the picture  Write a one paragraph, roughly four sentences, journal entry as if YOU ARE the person in the picture.  What would your life be like on a day-to-day basis?  Pair with partner across from you  Share your entries

11. Europe Looks Beyond Its Borders The Roman Catholic Church controlled intellectual life  Everything worth knowing can be found in the Bible  Risks of scientific discoveries The Crusades  European Christians and Southwest Asian Muslims fight over the Holy Land, Europeans defeated  Crusades brought knowledge of distant lands and promoted trade  Silks, gems, and spices  Demand for products causes traders to expand to Asia

12. Trade Routes

13. Renaissance Interest in learning and the advancement of the arts and sciences Awareness of the world beyond Europe expanded Explorations Printing press developed  Books became available  Literature promoted individualism and experimentation

14. European Rivals Jealous of the wealth, power and technology of Muslim neighbors, including: o North Africa o Areas around the southern and eastern Mediterranean Sea o Parts of Eastern Europe and Southeast, Southwest, and Central Asia Iberia Peninsula  Prince Ferdinand and Queen Isabella unite Aragon and Castile to create Spain (1469)  Defeat Muslims Moors in Granada

15. Exploration New trade routes were sought to expand European influence Portuguese took lead in venturing out into the Atlantic Technological advancements  Compass  Sturdier ships: the caravel Prince Henry the Navigator  School of navigation  Sponsored several expeditions along the coast of West Africa

16. Compare and Contrast Europeans in 1400s Native Americans in 1400s