1. The Stalemated Seventies 1968-1980
Chapter 39
The Stalemated Seventies

2. Stagflation
Stagflation economy (stagnant economy and inflation) Nixon attempted tax increases and budget cuts
Deficit spending
Japan and West Germany= industrial producers outpacing US
Larger labor market, less jobs
Embargo on oil by OPEC
Shifting to post industrial economy
Nixon took US off gold standard

3. Vietnamization
Vietnamization= Nixon’s plan for war “peace with honor”
Support from the Silent Majority
My Lai massacre= outraged public at horrors and cover-up
April 30, 1970: bombing raids and invasion into Cambodia= riots at colleges
Kent State May 4, 1970
Jackson State University May 14, 1970

7. Vietnamization
Congress responded to escalation by repealing the Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The Pentagon Papers leaked to media June 1971
26th amendment passed 1971

8. Détente Henry Kissinger= policy of realpolitik
Realistically, can’t deny mainland China!
Promoted a policy of détente
1972: Nixon “opened China”
Met with Leonid Brezhnev in USSR in 1972
SALT I Treaty and ABM treaty to ease Cold War tensions

10. Reaction to Warren Court
Liberal Warren Court= judicial activism
Griswold vs. Connecticut 1965
NY Times vs. Sullivan 1964
Baker vs. Carr 1962
Limits on religion in schools, rights for accused expanded (Miranda Warning)
Reaction by Nixon (conservative)= 4 new justices Burger Court (Roe vs. Wade!)

11. Environmentalism Silent Spring by Rachel Carson 1962= ban on DDT
Environmental Protection Agency 1970
Clean Air Act 1970
Endangered Species Act 1973

12. 1972 Election
Democrats= George McGovern (withdrawal from Vietnam within 90 days)
Republicans= Richard Nixon
Southern Strategy
At Paris Peace Conference days before election, Kissinger= “peace is at hand”

14. Watergate Balance of power skewed toward president
The President’s Men- win at any cost
June 17, 1972 break in at Democratic headquarters at Watergate complex
Plumbers
Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP)
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Testimony to Congress= release the tapes!

15. Watergate
Saturday Night Massacre- Special Prosecutor Cox ordered tapes
VP Spiro Agnew resigned (bribes as governor of Maryland)
25th amendment= Gerald Ford confirmed as new Vice President

16. War Powers Act 1973: bombing raids on Cambodia!
Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot after Cambodian Civil War
War Powers Act November 1973

17. Watergate President’s Men= indicted March 1974
Nixon= tapes are executive privilege!
Supreme Court ordered release of tapes implicated president in break in and cover up by FBI
August 8, 1974: Nixon resigned Gerald Ford assumed presidency (appointed)
Nixon pardoned by Ford

21. End to Vietnam War between North and South Vietnam continued to 1975
Military aid to South Vietnam ended as North advanced on Saigon
Evacuation April 29, 1975
Lasting effects: 58,000 KIA, 365,000 wounded, “baby killers”, PTSD, suicide for veterans

24. The Last Days of Saigon Violence often attended the frantic American evacuation from Vietnam in 1975.

25. Feminism
2nd wave Feminism= Betty Friedan (NOW) and Gloria Steinem (Ms. Magazine)
Title IX 1972
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 1972 stalled by conservatives (Phyllis Shlafly)
Supreme Court challenged sex discrimination in legislation and employment
Roe vs. Wade 1973
Conservative backlash against feminism

26. A multiethnic and multiracial group of women, accompanied by noted “second-wave” feminists Bella Abzug (in hat) and Betty Friedan (far right), helped to carry a torch from Seneca Falls, New York, birthplace of the feminist movement, to Houston, Texas, site of the National Women’s Conference.

27. Antifeminist Phyllis Schlafly (b
Antifeminist Phyllis Schlafly (b. 1924) Schlafly traveled the country promoting her “STOP ERA” campaign. She argued that ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment would undermine the American family by violating “the right of a wife to be supported by her husband,” requiring women to serve in combat, and legalizing homosexual marriage.

28. Minorities
Busing to end de facto segregation limited by Milliken vs. Bradley 1974
Regents of University of California vs. Bakke 1978 Affirmative Action
American Indian Movement (AIM)- civil disobedience and media to promote message
Standoff at Wounded Knee, seizure of Alcatraz and Bureau of Indian Affairs

29. Jimmy Carter
1976 Election: Ford (Republican) vs. Carter (Democrat) Washington outsider
Camp David Accords 1978 between Egypt and Israel
Carter presidency= rising inflation (13% by 1979), oil prices, interest rates, deficits= economic problems

30. Celebrating the Camp David Agreement, September 1978 Anwar Sadat of Egypt (left) and Menachem Begin of Israel (right) join U.S. president Jimmy Carter in confirming the historic accord that brought the hope of peace to the war-torn Middle East.

31. Jimmy Carter
1979: Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran (anti-US) Iranian oil shut down, OPEC ↑ prices
Carter= Malaise speech
SALT II treaty with Brezhnev in 1979 not ratified because of Afghanistan invasion
Americans at embassy in Teheran taken hostage November 1979 for 444 days

32. Two-Way SALT Talks The grim specter of nuclear holocaust haunted the SALT II talks between President Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in Vienna in June 1979.

33. Iranians Denounce President Jimmy Carter, November 1979 Scenes like this one appeared almost nightly on American television during the 444 days of the Iranian hostage crisis, humiliating Carter and angering American citizens.