1. Soil Nutrients and it’s Role By – Vigyan Ashram, Pabal 1 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

2. Macro Vs Micro Nutrients Macro nutrients are required by the plant in relatively large amounts Micro nutrients are required only in small amounts – minor or trace elements 2 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

3. Macro nutrients Non-mineral elements – carbon (C) – hydrogen (H) – oxygen (O) Primary Nutrients – Nitrogen (N) – Phosphorus (P) – Potassium (K) Secondary Nutrients – calcium (Ca) – magnesium (Mg) – sulfur (S) 3 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

4. Micro nutrients Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Boron (B) Molybdenum (Mo) Manganese (Mn) Chlorine (Cl) 4 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

5. Functions of Nitrogen Promotes growth of leaves and stems Gives dark green color and improves quality of foliage Necessary to develop cell proteins and chlorophyll 5 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

6. Materials Supplying Nitrogen 6 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

7. Nitrogen Deficiency symptoms – sick, yellow-green color – short stems, small leaves, pale colored leaves and flowers – slow and dwarfed plant growth 7 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

8. Nitrogen deficiency 8 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

9. Functions of Phosphorus Stimulates early formation and growth of roots Provides for fast and vigorous growth and speeds maturity Stimulates flowering and seed development Necessary for the enzyme action of many plant processes 9 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

10. Materials Supplying Phosphorus 10 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

11. Phosphorus Deficiency symptoms – decrease in growth – slow maturity – older leaves are purplish color 11 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

12. Phosphorus Deficiency 12 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

13. Functions of Potassium Used to form carbohydrates and proteins Formation and transfer of starches, sugars and oils Increases disease resistance, vigor and hardiness 13 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

14. Materials Supplying Potassium 14 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

15. Potassium Deficiency symptoms – mottled, spotted, streaked or curled leaves – scorched, burned, dead leaf tips and margins 15 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

16. Potassium Deficiency 16 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

17. Functions of Calcium Improves plant vigor Influences intake and synthesis of other plant nutrients Important part of cell walls 17 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

18. Calcium Deficiency symptoms – small developing leaves – wrinkled older leaves – dead stem tips 18 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

19. Calcium Deficiency 19 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

20. Functions of Magnesium Influences the intake of other essential nutrients Helps make fats Assists in translocation of phosphorus and fats 20 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

21. Magnesium Deficiency symptoms – Interveinal chlorosis-yellowing of leaves between green veins – leaf tips curl or cup upward – slender, weak stalks 21 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

22. Magnesium Deficiency 22 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

23. Functions of Sulfur Promotes root growth and vigorous vegetative growth Essential to protein formation 23 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

24. Sulfur Deficiency symptoms – young leaves are light green with lighter color veins – yellow leaves and stunted growth 24 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

25. Sulfur Deficiency 25 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

26. Iron Functions of Iron – Essential for chlorophyll production – Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements Deficiency symptoms – mottled and interveinal chlorosis in young leaves – stunted growth and slender, short stems 26 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

27. Iron Deficiency 27 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

28. Copper Functions – Helps in the use of Iron – Helps respiration Deficiency symptoms – young leaves are small and permanently wilt – multiple buds at stem tip 28 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

29. Copper Deficiency 29 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

30. Zinc Functions – plant metabolism – helps form growth hormones – reproduction Deficiency symptoms – retarded growth between nodes (rosetted) – new leaves are thick and small – spotted between veins, discolored veins 30 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

31. Zinc Deficiency 31 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

32. Boron Functions – affects water absorption by roots – translocation of sugars Deficiency Symptoms – short, thick stem tips – young leaves of terminal buds are light green at base – leaves become twisted and die 32 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

33. Boron Deficiency 33 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

34. Manganese Functions – plant metabolism – nitrogen transformation Deficiency symptoms – interveinal chlorosis – young leaves die 34 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

35. Manganese Deficiency 35 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

36. Molybdenum Functions – plant development – reproduction Deficiency symptoms – stunted growth – yellow leaves, upward curling leaves, leaf margins burn 36 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

37. Molybdenum Deficiency 37 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

38. Chlorine Functions – essential to some plant processes – acts in enzyme systems Deficiency symptoms – usually more problems with too much chlorine or toxicity than with deficiency 38 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

39. Chlorine Deficiency 39 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

40. Summery Table 40 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

41. Thank you ! 41 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |