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Soil Nutrients By:
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Objectives Know the definition of deficiency, nutrient, toxicity, macronutrient, micronutrient. Identify the plant deficiencies from pictures Evaluate a plant to identify the nutrient absorption rate.
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Terms and Definitions Nutrient – Element necessary for plant growth and reproduction. Deficiency – Plant condition where an essential nutrient is not sufficiently available. Micronutrient – Nutrient needed in smaller quantities
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Terms and Definitions Macronutrient – Nutrient needed in larger quantities Toxicity – A point that is reached where too much of a nutrient becomes poisonous
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Primary and Secondary Nurtrients
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sulfur
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Nitrogen Functions Gives plants the green coloring
Makes up 1% to 4% of plant’s harvested material Induces vigorous, rapid growth in plants 98% of the planet’s nitrogen is in the primary rock of the Earth, the remaining 2% is in the atmosphere Most readily absorbed Crops absorbed more nitrogen from the soil than any other nutrient. Most frequently the limiting factor in crop production.
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Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms
Chlorosis – Yellowing in color of leaves Plant growth is stunted
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Phosphorus Stimulates root growth
Important for plant cells genetic material and energy transfer with ATP 3rd most readily absorbed Available in soil as an orthophosphate ion (H2PO4 and HPO4) – Important because these ions react easily with other compounds to become less available
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Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms
Stunted Growth Purplish coloring of leaves
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Potassium Production and translocation of carbohydrates
Water intake and respiration Stiffens stalks and straws 2nd most readily absorbed
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Potassium Deficiency Symptoms
Shorter and weaker plants Bronzing or a browning of leaf color
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Magnesium Vital for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll or the green coloring of the plant Needed for protein synthesis
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Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms
Leaves curl along the margins Leaf parts show a whitish color
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Calcium Gives plant strength Stimulates formation of nitrates
Promotes root and leaf growth
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Calcium Deficiency Symptoms
Chlorosis beginning in the leaf edges and moving inward Terminal buds become distorted
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Sulfur Stimulates seed production
Necessary for nodule formation on legumes Affects protein and crop quality
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Sulfur Deficiency Symptoms
Similar symptoms to that of a nitrogen deficiency Stunted appearance
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Micronutrients in Plants
Iron Maganese Boron Molybdenum Copper Zinc Chlorine
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References Laca, Andrew. “Ag Lesson Plans in Power Point”. Soil Furtility. 19 May Glen Rose FFA, Glen Rose., USA. 27 Feb 2005 < Primal Seeds. 26 Oct Feb 2005 < Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms on Agronomic Crops. 12 June Feb 2005 <
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