2. SOFT 2004 OVERVIEW OF CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THE THERMONUCLEAR FUSION P. DAUGUET, M. BONNETON, P. BRIEND, F. DELCAYRE, B. HILBERT, A. RAVEX Air Liquide – Advanced Technology Division – France pascale.dauguet@airliquide.com

3. Paper Summary Needs of the Thermonuclear Fusion programs in terms of Cryogenics Example : KSTAR cryogenic system prestudy Pictures of cryogenic equipments for Thermonuclear Fusion programs : IPR (India)

4. Needs of the Thermonuclear Fusion programs in terms of Cryogenics Cooling power at different temperatures for : Thermal shields : 80 K Superconducting Magnets : 4,5 K Cryopumps : 3,8 K Storage systems (LN2, LHe) Distribution systems (valves boxes, vacuum insulated transfer lines) Cryopumps

5. Example list PROJECTDateType of material / studies ITER1993-1994Design study of Cryopump prototype’s testing on HELITEX facility at KFK NET TEAM (ITER)1997-1999Design, manufacturing, installation and testing of prototype cryopump FZK (ITER)1999-2000Test facility (cryostat) for cryopump model test IPR (SST-1 TOKAMAK)1998-2002Design, manufacturing, installation and testing of refrigeration system (650 W at 4.5 K + 200 l/h) W7-X1996-1997Preliminary study of the cryogenic system KBSI (KSTAR)1999Preliminary study of the cryogenic system W7X2002Preliminary study of the thermal shields KBSI (KSTAR)2002-2003Engineering Design of the thermal shields IPR (NBI of STT-1)2002-2003Design, manufacturing and installation of refrigeration system for Neutral beam injector (NBI) 110 W at 3,8 K. KBSI (KSTAR)2003-2004Engineering Design of the cryogenic system CEA (ITER)2003-2004Helium Refrigerators operating scenario study

6. Example KSTAR Cryogenic System Prestudy

7. KSTAR Cryogenic System Operating modes Normal operating modes Idle (14 hrs/day) Ramp (1hr/day) Shot / Stand-by (8 hrs/day) De-Ramp (1hr/day) Idle (14 hrs/day) Baking mode (1/week) 00 0809171824 TF Coil Current (kA) Plasma Experiments 35 -35 0 70 sec shot per 20 minutes 350 sec shot per 1 hour Idle Mode (18 ~ 08) Operational State (09 ~ 17)

8. Process Cryogenic system diagram Gas Storage Cold Box Distribution Valve Box Compression Station Liquid Helium Storage Transfer lines Oil removal system

9. Process Total refrigeration power vs Operating mode Operating modeShot/stand- by IdleRamp/ Deramp Thermal Shields18 kW Isothermal Refrigeration @ 4.4K 5.5 kW2.6 kW4.8 kW Liquid Helium to Current Leads 23 g.s -1 19 g.s -1 20 g.s -1 Total Exergy@4.5K dEx=(dH–T 0 dS) 4.5/300 9 kW5.7 kW8 kW Time/day8 hrs/day14 hrs/day2 hrs/day

10. Process Refrigerator Design Mode Operating modeShot/stand-byIdle Total Ref. Power 7 kW Liquid Helium production 2 g.s -1 32 g.s -1 % Refrigeration97 %54% Liquid Helium to Current Leads 23 g.s -1 19 g.s -1 Liquid Helium storage -21 g.s -1 +13g. s -1 (+5000 liter/day)

11. Process Helium Balance Gas Storage Cold Box Distribution Box Compressor Station LHe Storage +/- 5000 liters Transfer lines To C.L. Shot/stand-by mode Refrigeration

12. Process PFD Cold box components : HX 12 sections / 3 blocks LN2 precooler 6 cryogenic Turbo-expanders Cold adsorbers (80K / 20 K) T1

13. Process PFD 300K-20K HPMPLP 300K 80K 55K 22K HX01 HX04 HX06 HX08 T1 T2 T3 T4 80K Adsorber LN2 Precooler

14. Process PFD 20K-4.4K HPMPLP HX09 HX10 HX12 LHe Storage 12K 22K 4.5K Thermal damper 4.4K 20K Adsorber To Current leads To / from S.C. Bus T5 T6 HEAT LOADS : TF, PF, CS coils /struct. DB : circulators, valves, piping Transfer lines

15. Overall Cryogenic System COLD BOX DISTRIBUTION BOXCRYOSTAT CURRENT LEADS Thermal damper, Heat exchangers, Circulators, Valves. Cycle heat exchangers, Expansion turbines, Adsorbers, Valves. LIQUID HELIUM DEWAR COMPRESSION STATION BUFFER CAPACITY Cycle compressors, Oil removal system, Control valves. HELIUM INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Compressor, Balloon, Purifier, Helium gas storage. Pure helium Impure helium Vacuum insulated transfer line TL1 TL3 TL2 TL TL4

16. Pictures of cryogenic equipments for Thermonuclear Fusion programs : IPR (INDIA)

17. Compressors Cold box Purifier, cryogenic lines and dewar 2500L Valve box of Tokamak PHOTO SHOW

18. Conclusion As partners to fusion programs Cryogenic industries provide : –Feasability studies and, –Equipments like : –N2 and He refrigerators –Storage and distribution systems –Cryopumps …