1. Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Mode 4 and Trade Union Concerns

2. PSI and Global Union Federations The different sectors of the economy. PSI works closely with a number of NGOs. GATS, development, TRIPS and workers rights. The fluidity of the policy context at present.

3. The context Only Mode 4 Other GATS concerns not dealt with Not reflective of other NGO perspecives necessarily

4. The Services of Interest Professional services: UNI and PSI in MNEs and independent contracting professionals Health and education professionals - normally employed: PSI and EI Construction workers: IFBWW

5. Professional services Mainly not unionised Often employed by MNEs Extent of employment not known

6. Health and Education workers Mainly employed by public authorities but also by private operators Some numbers known: e.g. UK but not much useful data Agency problems (see below)

7. Construction Workers Often mobile workers on World Bank projects Problems of discrimination, health and safety and accommodation Social concerns (see below)

8. Union and NGO Concerns General concerns (Indian Govt paper): visas, social security and economic necessity Labour rights: discrimination, harassment and union rights. Comparative advantage retained

9. Union and NGO Concerns (cont.) Environmental and social values on construction projects Development and brain drain issues: training costs; key personnel; labour market and wage issues Recruitment agencies

10. Some solutions The obvious issues Immigration and visas ILO Declaration Ethical recruitment Employment and industry policies