1. passed the Judiciary Act.
1. To help President Washington carry out his duties, the first Congress
passed the Judiciary Act.
created the Bank of the United States.
created five departments whose heads made up the Cabinet of advisors.
agreed to place the nation’s capital near his home along the Potomac. c

2. 2. Hamilton thought the national government should pay off both national and state war debts because
it showed the government would act firmly in a time of crisis.
if it did not, it would lose the trust of future investors.
it was not fair for speculators to make a profit on the war.
d) it would protect local industry from foreign competition. b

3. 3. The group of officials chosen to assist the President is called the
House of Representatives
Congress
Cabinet
Senate

4. Ch. 9 section 2 Creating a Foreign Policy
Main Idea: Washington established authority of the national government at home and avoided war with European powers.
-How was American opinion divided over the French Revolution?
-Why did Washington want the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs?
-Why was it difficult for the United States to remain neutral?
Why It Matters: Washington’s policies at home and abroad set a precedent (example for later presidents) .
Precedent – example

5. Foreign Issues Facing Washington…
Events in Europe had effects in America
FRENCH REVOLUTION (In 1789, the French rebelled against their king).
What should the U.S. do?
France had helped us during our revolution
Britain was America’s best trading partner
Americans supported the French people’s desire for liberty BUT they were horrified by the violence in France (divided Americans):
Jefferson – supported France
Hamilton, Adams – supported Britain

6. The US REMAINS NEUTRAL
The main foreign policy issue facing the President was how to remain neutral (not taking sides in the conflict) while honoring agreements to support France.
Washington decided on a foreign policy (the action that a nation takes in relation to other nations).
He issued the Neutrality Proclamation (the U.S would not side with France or Britain).

7. Foreign Issues Facing Washington
2. American business depended on foreign trade.
Problem:
-British captured American trading ships in the French West Indies
-Washington knew that the country was too weak to fight
Solution:
-Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain for talks.
Jay’s Treaty
-Britain agreed to give up their forts held in the West and pay damages for the ships
-Americans paid old debts owed to Britain

8. John Jay Responsible for Jay’s Treaty.
Jay’s Treaty- agreement that ended the dispute with Britain over American shipping during the French Revolution.

9. Washington’s Farewell Address..
Washington before leaving office, published his Farewell Address.
-He advised Americans to avoid becoming involved in the disagreements among European countries.
-Advised nation to remain neutral and avoid permanent alliances.
-Cautioned against letting political differences divide the nation and cause arguments.

10. Washington’s Farewell Address
Despite Washington’s warnings, political parties developed.
The first two political parties were the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
The Federalists, led by Hamilton.
The Democratic-Republicans, led by Jefferson.

11. 1. Many Americans turned against the French Revolution when
John Jay got the British to sign a treaty.
Thomas Jefferson criticized the revolution.
the French started seizing American ships.
the revolution became increasingly violent. d

12. 2. President Washington’s foreign policy proclamation said that
in the European conflict, the United States would support France.
in the European conflict, the United States would remain neutral.
in the European conflict, the United States would support Britain.
d) individual Americans could make up their own minds and aid either side. b

13. 3. What precedents were set during Washington's Presidency?
Not to run for third term
Passed Judiciary Act
Chose well known leaders to serve in Cabinet
d) All of the above a

14. a) Neutrality Proclamation
4. Which of the following established the U.S. foreign policy of not taking sides in foreign affairs?
a) Neutrality Proclamation
b) Alien and Sedition Acts
c) Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
d) Pinckney Treaty a

15. Ch. 9 section 3 political parties emerge
Why did many Americans distrust the idea of political parties?
How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?
Why did political parties develop?
How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions?

16. A distrust of Political parties
Americans had seen how factions, or opposing groups within parties, worked in Britain. Members of factions were often more interested in personal gain than in public good.
Political parties could be a threat to national unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false alarms.”

18. RULES
Every second row reads about Federalists (Hamilton) or Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson).
1. Open textbook to pages 288 and 289.
2. Read starting with the blue title “Differing Views” and “Development of Political Parties.”
3. Find the information about your party and fill in your table [5 minutes.]
a) Hamilton-turn to your shoulder partner – talk about your Federalists party while your partner writes the information down [2 minutes].
b) Jefferson-turn to your shoulder partner – talk about your Republicans party while your partner writes the information down [2 minutes].

20. Development of political parties
 Leaders in different states organized to support either Hamilton or Jefferson.
 Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans.
 Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists.
 Newspapers began to take sides.
 The two political parties took part in the election of 1796.

21. John Adams for President Thomas Jefferson for Vice President
Election of 1796
Republican Candidates V S Federalist Candidates
Thomas Jefferson for PRESIDENT
 Aaron Burr for Vice President
John Adams for PRESIDENT
 Thomas Pinckney for Vice President
The Winners
John Adams for President
Thomas Jefferson for Vice President

22. Quick check One issue the first political parties clashed over was
a) which should be stronger—the central government or the state governments.
b) whether the United States should expand beyond its original borders.
c) whether George Washington should be permitted to retire.
d) whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare laws unconstitutional. a

23. Quick check
In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the person with the second highest number of votes became Vice President. One problem this caused in the election of 1796 was that
a) the votes had to be counted twice.
b) candidates for President and Vice President had to run together on the same ticket.
c) the views of the opposing candidates were the same.
d) the people chosen as President and Vice President were from opposing parties. d