1. Social Studies 9 Chapter 4
Numbered Treaties
Social Studies 9
Chapter 4

2. What are numbered treaties?
The beginning of the numbered treaties are in the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
Britain made the proclamation at the end of the Seven Years’ War as it attempted to gain control over North America (formerly New France)

4. The proclamation recognized First Nations’ rights to land and established the principle of making treaties with First Nations through peaceful negotiations.
Other laws also affect the collective rights of First Nations, like the Indian Act and the constitution.

5. British Monarchs and The Treaties
The Numbered Treaties were between the British monarchs and First Nations.
Under the treaties, First Nations agreed to share land and resources in peace.
Canada’s government later agreed to the terms covering First Nations’ education, reserves, annuities, hunting and fishing rights, etc..
The terms differ among the eleven treaties.

6. The Numbered Treaties Create a definition for the following:
Reservation:
Land for the exclusive use of First Nations
Annuity:
An annual payment: Treaty 7 = $5.00
Affirmation:
Something declared to be true

7. The Numbered Treaties
The Treaty Terms I believe are still relevant today are…
The Treaty Terms I believe should no longer be granted are…

8. How hard has the Canadian Government worked to affirm First Nation’s rights?

9. Timeline of the Numbered Treaties
Affirmed First
Nations Rights
Threatened First
Nations Rights

10. The Indian Act The Indian Act was created in 1876
It allowed the government to make laws for First Nations without consulting them.
Demonstrates the belief that European ways were superior (ethnocentrism)
Government appointed “Indian Agents” were to speak on behalf of the first nations.
The original aim was to assimilate First Nations into a European culture
Residential schools and laws banning aboriginal traditions were used to do this!

13. The White Paper on Indian Policy - 1969
Wanted to remove the Indian Act.
Wanted to remove collective rights and grant aboriginals the same rights as all other Canadians.

14. Section 35 of the Charter…
Recognizes First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples as Aboriginal peoples, and recognizes their existing Treaty and Aboriginal rights.
This means the Numbered Treaties are Entrenched in our Constitution

15. Modernizing the Indian Act
The act has been revised a number of times to update/modernize it.
Read pages 138.
What issues are revealed in regards to updating the Indian Act?

16. Final Thoughts…
For First Nations, the Numbered Treaties are sacred — nation-to nation agreements, solemnly made, that cannot be changed without their agreement.
Treaty rights and citizenship go together for First Nations now, in the past and into the future.