1. CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products,
HEALTH HERITAGE
SANGAM* OF
ANCIENT WISDOM
AND
MODERN SCIENCE
R.R. Hirwani
Head
CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products,
Pune, India
GRA MEETING February 2006
*SANGAM ~ CONFLUENCE

2. ORGANISATION OF PRESENTATION
BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVES
FEATURES
CONTENTS
DEMONSTRATION
BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
IPR ISSUES
CURRENT TRENDS
INTO THE FUTURE

3. BACKGROUND AYURVEDA – INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
KNOWLEDGE CODIFIED IN SANSKRIT SINCE 12TH CENTURY B.C.- SCRIPTURES AVAILABLE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
INSTITUTIONALISED EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
MEDICINAL PLANTS - PRIMARY SOURCE OF MEDICINE
EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON NATURAL PRODUCTS AND PLANT CHEMISTRY
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
STUDY OF STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
KNOWLEDGE USEFUL FOR LIFE SCIENCE INDUSTRY

4. OBJECTIVES
PUT TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN MODERN ELECTRONIC FORMAT
LINK TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TO MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND PATENT LITERATURE
USE DATABASE FOR DEFENSIVE AND POSITIVE LEGAL PROTECTION
ADDRESS ‘PATENTABILITY’ ISSUES
INCREASE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
CATALYSE SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION

5. FEATURES OF HEALTH HERITAGE DATABASE
NON-PATENT AND PATENT LITERATURE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS WIDELY USED IN AYURVEDA
REPRODUCTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE (ORIGINAL SANSKRIT, TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION)
SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL/CLINICAL STUDIES DONE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR EXTRACTS
STRUCTURES OF NEW CHEMICALS ISOLATED
FULL TEXT OF PATENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
FREE TEXT SEARCH FACILITY
DEMO OF HEALTH HERITAGE / WIPO PORTAL

6. AYUTA INDEX
KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE BASIC PARTS
HETU (CAUSE)
LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)
AUSHADH (TREATMENT)
INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS
COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN AN INDEXED FORM
BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND TREATMENT METHODS
PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE

7. IS THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR A RABIES VIRUS RECEPTOR ?
Vol
BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
IS THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR A RABIES VIRUS RECEPTOR ?
ABSTRACT
Rabies virus was found on mouse diaphragms and on cultured chick myotubes in a distribution coinciding with that of the acetylcholine receptor. Treatment of the myotubes with -bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine before the addition of the virus reduced the number of myotubes that became infected with rabies virus. These findings together suggest that acetylcholine receptors may serve as receptors for rabies virus. The binding of virus to acetylcholine receptors, which are present in high density at the neuromuscular junction, would provide a mechanism whereby the virus could be locally concentrated at sites in proximity to peripheral nerves facilitating subsequent uptake and transfer to the central nervous system.
Lentz et. al.

8. BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
Datura as a prophylaxis for rabies
The affected person be made to drink the essence of Arka tree. This will clear his stomach of poison, if any, by vomiting. Sveta, Punarnava or Datura be administered. Palala, Oilseeds of Tila and essence of Rupika with Joggery drain the poison of Alarka (mad dog) as the wind drives away the clouds.

9. Karsa measure of root of Sarapunkha along with a half of Datura measure be mixed with the rice-water be ground with wet rice - this paste be wrapped by Unmattaka leaves and cooked as a cake.
This cake be eaten by a person, who is bitten by Alarka and poisoned. Whatever the ills caused by the bite of mad dog are cured by this medicine.

10. DATURA AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR RABIES
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF DATURA ARE SCOPOLAMINE, ATROPINE AND MANY OTHER ALKALOIDS
THESE ALKALOIDS PREDOMINANTLY BLOCK THE MUSCARNIE ACTION OF ACETYLCHLORINE
DATURA FOR RABIES TREATMENT REPRESENTS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED EXAMPLE OF PROPHYLAXIS BY RECEPTOR BLOCKADE

11. Active Principle of Chinese Plant
THERAPEUTICS FOR CEREBRAL MALARIA
Active Principle of Chinese Plant
Artemisia annua
Known Since 340 AD

12. PATENTS FOR ANTIMALARIAL COMPOSITIONS
United States Patent
5,219,865
Chatterjee ,   et al. (Hoechst)
June 15, 1993
Pharmaceutical combination for the prophylaxis and therapy of malaria
Abstract
The present invention relates to combinations of the malaria therapeutics artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine, arteether, artemether, artesunate or other artemisinine derivatives with one or more of the antimalarials chloroquine, 10-0-methylfloxacrine, quinine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and primaquine. Synergistic actions are achieved with them on treatment of mammals, including humans, with subcurative doses of the individual substances.
5,677,331
Zhou ,   et al. (Ciba Geigy)
October 14, 1997
Antimalarial compositions
The invention relates to a synergistic antimalarial composition which comprises the antimalarial agent benflumetol and also an antimalarial agent from the artemisinine group such as artemether. The composition can be formulated into solid dosage forms such as tablets and is useful for the treatment of drug resistant malaria.

13. IPR ISSUES IP PROTECTION BEYOND TK ON MEDICINAL PLANTS
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS / CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
COMBINATION OF CONSTITUENTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS
MINOR VARIANTS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS
EMPHASIS ON ‘PATENTABILITY’ AND ‘VALIDITY’

14. PATENT ON AROMATIC,MEDICINAL AND ECONOMIC PLANTS(PAMEP)
PROJECT SUPPORTED BY DBT
STUDY PATENTS ON PLANTS
EMPHASIS ON TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS
INPUT FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIODIVERSITY

15. PAMEP . Plant Breeding, Propagation and Cultivation
Formulations and their methods of preparation
Food Applications
Industrial Uses
Active Components
Agrochemical uses
Dietary Supplements
Processing
Traditional Usage
New Medicinal Usage
Harvesting and post-harvest processing
Other Misc. Uses

16. PATENT MAPPING FOR RESEARCH PLANNING

17. CURRENT TRENDS
VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS ON MODERN SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
CREATE VALUE BY SYNTHESIS BETWEEN ANCIENT INSIGHTS AND MODERN DISCOVERIES
INNOVATION BY SCIENTIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE

18. VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON MECHANISM OF ACTION
CASE STUDIES
-THERAPEUTICS : DIABETES
- COSMECEUTICALS : SKIN CARE

19. MECHANISMS FOR DIABETES
BETA CELL ACTIVATION
BETA CELL REGENERATION
PANCREATIC TONING/ PROTECTION
INSULIN MIMICKING
IMPROVEMENT OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE/ INSULIN EFFICIENCY
REDUCTION OF GLUCOSE ABSORPTION
IMPROVEMENT IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
IMPROVEMENT OF FAT METABOLISM
OTHER MECHANISM

20. COSMECEUTICALS – SKIN CARE
HYPER-PIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING
ANTI-AGING
WOUND HEALING
ACNE
SUN PROTECTION
SKIN INFECTIONS

21. MECHANISM FOR HYPER-PIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING
TYROSINASE INHIBITION
MELANOGENESIS INHIBITION
SUPPRESSING ENDOTHELIN FORMATION
REDUCTION OF KERATINOCYTE DERIVED IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES
PREVENT UVB-INDUCED IMMUNE SUPPRESSION IN THE SKIN
PIGMENTATION INHIBITORY EFFECT

22. MINERALIA MEDICA MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED
BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE
HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY
NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE
ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE
NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN FILED

23. METALLOPHARMACEUTICALS
METAL BASED DRUGS
- CANCER (Pt)
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
- Cu OR Zn
ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
-Cr AND V
ANTIMICROBIALS
- Zn, Bi, METAL CLUSTERS
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
- Cu, Zn AND Fe
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
- NANOTECHNOLOGY

24. LEECH

25. LEECH
LEECHES HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT TO BLOOD LETTING AND AMPUTATION FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS
IT WAS USED FIRST FOR MEDICINE IN ANCIENT INDIA ABOUT 1000 BC
IN AYURVEDA LEECH THERAPY IS CALLED AS JALOUKA PRAYOGA
LEECH SALIVA HAS ANALGESTIC AND ANASTHETIC EFFECT
 MAJOR SPECIES USED IN MEDICINE
Ø      HIRUDO MEDICINALIS - EUROPEAN
Ø      HIRUDINARIA MANILLENSIS - ASIAN
Ø      HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII - AMAZON

26. US FDA APPROVAL
IN JUNE 2004, US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CLEARED THE FIRST APPLICATION FOR LEECHES TO BE USED FOR COMMERCIAL MARKETING IN MODERN MEDICINE AS MEDICAL DEVICES
 RICARIMPEX SAS , A FRENCH FIRM, WAS THE FIRST COMPANY TO REQUEST AND RECEIVE FDA CLEARANCE TO MARKET LEECHES AS MEDICAL DEVICE
 FDA DETERMINED THAT LEECHES ARE MEDICAL DEVICES BECAUSE THEY MEET THE DEFINATION OF A MEDICAL DEVICE UNDER THE FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETICS ACT

27. LEECH THERAPY SKIN GRAFTING AND REATTACHMENT SURGERY
APPLICATION ON ARTHRITIC KEEN REDUCES JOINT PAIN AND SWELLING
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY – PROVIDES CRITICAL VENOUS OUTFLOW FOR TISSUE REPLANTATION
BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
REDUCES POST SURGERICAL VENOUS ENGORGEMENT
CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMODIALYSIS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
LEECHES APPLIED ON THE TIP OF THE TONGUE TO REMOVE THE SYMPTOMS CHARACTERISTIC FOR GLOSSALGIA

28. HIRUDIN  
HIRUDIN-NATURALLY OCCURRING PEPTIDE IN THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF LEECHES
ANTICOAGULANT
INHIBIT THE THROMBIN CATALYTIC SITE
DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH OTHER SERUM PROTEINS AND CAN ACT ALSO ON BOUND THROMBIN
RELIEVES ACUTE VENOUS CONGESTION
REDUCES THE RISK OF NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

29. MODERN RESEARCH INHIBITOR HUMAN TRYPTASE ISOLATED FROM LEECHES
BIVALIRUDIN (HIRULOG) INHIBITS THROMBOSIS
HIRULLIN POLYPEPTIDE A STRONG ANTITHROMBIC ACTIVITY
ANTIMETASTATIC FACTOR COMPRISING A PROTEIN SUBSTANCE HAVING FACTOR XA INHIBITORY ACTIVITY ISOLATED FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII
HEMENTIN, A POLYPEPTIDE DERIVED FROM LEECH SALIVARY GLANDS FOR PREVENTS FORMATION AND DEAGGREGATION OF PLATELET-RICH CLOTS OR THROMBUS
HIRUDIN (OR RELATED CHEMICALS) HAVE BEEN SYNTHESISED USING RECOMBINANT-DNA TECHNOLOGY.

30. MODERN RESEARCH
CONTD..
A RECOMBINANT ANTISTASIN TYPE SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS
 POLYPEPTIDE INHIBITING C1 ESTERASE AND /OR FACTOR XII USED IN GENE THERAPY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR, INFLAMMATORY OR AUTO IMMUME DISORDES
PROTEIN BLOCKS STIMULATION OF PLATELET AGGREGATION BY COLLAGEN USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF THROMBOTIC DISEASES
NEW THROMBOLYTIC ENZYME DESTABILASE, ENDO-EPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE, SHOWING EXO-EPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE AND AMIDOLYTIC ACTIVITY OBTAINED FROM HIRUDINIDAE
RECOMBINANT PROTEIN HAVING FIBRINOLYTIC AND COAGULATION-FACTOR XA-INHIBITING AMINO ACID SEQUENCE-INHIBITING PROPERTIES

31. INTO THE FUTURE LINK BETWEEN PHARMACOGENOMICS AND TMK
PERSONALISED MEDICINE
CONVERT CONCEPTS INTO PRODUCTS,DEVICES,MACHINE
KNOWLEDGE and IPR MANAGEMENT IS THE KEY

32. IN CONCLUSION
IT MIGHT WELL BE SAID OF ME THAT HERE I HAVE MERELY MADE UP A BUNCH OF OTHER MEN’S FLOWERS, AND PROVIDED NOTHING OF MY OWN BUT THE STRING TO BIND THEM.
- MONTAIGNE, ESSAIS

33. CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products 85/1 Paud Road, Pune - 411038

34. MECHANISMS FOR ANTI-STRESS
ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE
ANTI-FATIGUE EFFECT
ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVITY
ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY
CATECHOLAMINE SECRETION
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT
AS IMMUNO-ENHANCER

35. MECHANISMS FOR OBESITY
ALPHA AMYLASE INHIBITORS/STARCH BLOCKERS
LIPASE INHIBITORS
INHIBITS LIPID DROPLET ACCUMULATION IN FAT CELLS
WEIGHT CONTROL / ENHANCING WEIGHT LOSS
REDUCING BODY MASS INDEX
AFFECTING BILE ACID ABSORPTION
HYPOLIPIDEMIC- LOWERING CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)
ELEVATING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS
SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS REDUCTION
APPETITE SUPPRESSANT

36. MINERALIA MEDICA MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED
BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE
HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY
NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE
ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE
NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN FILED

37. AYUTA INDEX
KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE BASIC PARTS
HETU (CAUSE)
LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)
AUSHADH (TREATMENT)
INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS
COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN AN INDEXED FORM
BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND TREATMENT METHODS
PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE