2. Knee Aspiration

3. Knee Infections Synovial fluid:
Normal: <200 WBC’s, <25% polys, gram stain -
Noninflammatory : <2000 WBC’s, <25% polys, gram stain –
Inflammatory: WBC’s, 50-75% polys, gram stain –
Septic: >50000 WBC’s, >75% polys, gram stain +/-
Hemorrhagic: similar to normal blood levels, gram stain -
Knee Infections

4. Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gouty arthritis
Chronic Knee Pain

5. What is Osteoarthritis?
Cartilage deteriorates and friction is created between bone surfaces.
Symptoms include:
Chronic knee pain
Knee stiffness
Difficulty with everyday activities (walking, driving, stair climbing)
Osteoarthritis is extremely debilitating for many people.
It’s caused by the cartilage between the joints wearing away, leading to symptoms such as pain, stiffness and difficulty with even the simplest activities
Audience participation question
How many of you had trouble just getting here today because of your osteoarthritis, with driving or walking into this building? People with OA find that many simple activities most of us take for granted are now difficult.

6. Pain!
Instability
Locking
Swelling
Symptoms of Arthritis

7. Clinical Findings - Arthritis
Pain with motion
Limited range of motion
Crepitus
Limp
Swelling/Effusion
Clinical Findings - Arthritis

8. Diagnosis of Arthritis
Patients symptoms
Clinical exam findings
Radiographs
MRI/CT (rarely)
Laboratory tests
Diagnosis of Arthritis

9. Diagnosis of Arthritis
Clinical exam findings