1. CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Topic 1 Introduction to Communication Disorders and the Professions of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology

2. Human Communication Communication is fundamental to our “humanness” We can’t NOT communicate Communication styles can vary with cultural identity, setting and participants--but the end result is the same

3. Means of Communication Language is the primary vehicle of human communication Language can be defined as “a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols”

4. Characteristics of Language  Socially shared  Conventional system  Arbitrary symbols  Rule-governed  Generative  Dynamic

5. Common Components of All Languages Form (Segmental aspects) The sound system (Phonology) The word structure (Morphology) The sentence structure (Syntax) Content Meaning (Semantics) Use Reason (Pragmatics)

6. Speech One modality for language Speech may be defined as “spoken language” Additional meaning is conveyed by suprasegmental aspects of speech

7. Suprasegmental Features of Speech Voice quality Loudness/Stress Rate and Rhythm Pitch and Intonation

8. Nonverbal Communication The suprasegmental aspects of speech and nonvocal message exchanges inherent with communication

9. Communication Impairment “an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts of verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems”

10. A Classification System of Communication Disorders

11. Major Disorders of Human Communication Hearing Disorders “the result of impaired auditory sensitivity of the physiological auditory system” Deaf vs Hard of Hearing Central Auditory Processing Disorder

12. Major Disorders of Human Communication Speech Disorders Articulation disorders Neuromotor disorders Dysarthria and Apraxia Voice Disorders

13. Major Disorders of Human Communication Language Disorders Disorders of Form Phonological errors Morphological errors Errors of syntax Disorders of Use Semantic difficulties Vocabulary problems Word finding difficulty Disorders of function pragmatics

14. How Common are Communication Disorders? Incidence vs prevalence 17% of total US population has some kind of communication disorder 11% have a hearing loss 6% have some kind of speech, voice, or language disorder Prevalence may be higher or lower with specific age groups or gender

15. Professionals Helping Individuals with Communication Disorders Speech Language Pathologists Professionals who identify, assess, treat, and prevent speech and language disorders both receptively and expressively in all modalities Most SLPs are certified by the American Speech Language Hearing Association, have a master’s or Ph.D. degree, and are licensed to practice in the state they work

16. Professionals Helping Individuals with Communication Disorders Audiologists Specialists who measure hearing ability and identify, assess, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance Most audiologists are certified by the American Speech Language Hearing Association, have a master’s or Ph.D. degree, and are licensed to practice in the state they work By 2012 the doctorate will be the minimal entry-level qualification for audiologists

17. Other Members of the Team Teachers Psychologists Social Workers Occupational and Physical Therapists Pediatricians, Psychiatrists, Dentists, Otolaryngologists, Neurologists

18. The Profession of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology 1. Undergraduate degree in Communication Disorders that includes general (liberal education) study, basic science coursework, and coursework dealing with normal aspects of human communication and communication disorders 2. MA or MS degree with a major in communication disorders from an accredited university. This also includes at least 350 hours of supervised clinical practicum 3. Passing score on the National Examination in SLP or audiology 4. Completion of clinical fellowship equivalent to 36 week full- time professional employment under supervision

19. The American Speech Language Hearing Association Non-profit organization of SLPs and audiologists founded in 1925 Currently, includes over 100,000 members Responsibilities include: Promote scientific study Clinical services Safeguard ethical standard Advocacy