1. 1/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica University of Florence Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Cross Layer Protocols Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems Philosophiae Doctor Thesis of Francesco Chiti on C OURSE OF I NFORMATICS AND T ELECOMMUNICATIONS E NGINEERING Tutors: Prof. Enrico Del Re Prof. Romano Fantacci

2. 2/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Outline i.Introduction 1.Soft Combining techniques 2.Adaptive Link Control algorithms 3.Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation techniques 4.Routing protocols for Ad Hoc networks 5.Conclusions

3. 3/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica “INTERNET” a pervasive, global, nervous system Incoming communications systems i. Introduction Ubiquity Embeddedness Nomadicity   Cyberspace  Physical space   Alive environment   Universal roaming: Cellular & WiFi nws   Fast   Broadband access   Efficient transport   Intelligence in the edge   Wireless (mobility)   QoS support

4. 4/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Physical Data Link Network Transport Access Network (cellular/satellite) Transport Network (TCP/IP) Physical Data Link Incoming communications systems i. Introduction

5. 5/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Ad Hoc Network Incoming communications systems i. Introduction Physical Data Link Network Transport Cross Layer protocols design Optimization of adjacent layers aware protocols Cross layer adaptability Across layers information passing and functionalities adaptation to channel and load variations

6. 6/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica For each MCS a bistable discrete Markov chain model can be derived based on the ACK/NACK reception (reliable services) State 0: ACK reception State 1: NACK reception ACK driven protocol fundamentals 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms N Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) with each: Modulation order M i and code rate R ci throughput  i

7. 7/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Transition depends on ACKs reception Transition depends on NACKs reception ACK driven protocol fundamentals 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms MAC LLC

8. 8/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica ACK driven protocol fundamentals 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Optimal AD algorithm maximizing FER of the i th MCS

9. 9/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Theoretical analysis 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms N MCSs: steady state equations probability of being in i phase with j queued packets probability of having k packets arrivals

10. 10/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Theoretical analysis 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms 2 MCSs: steady state equations

11. 11/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica TU50 channel State 1: 4QAM R c = 1/2 State 2: 16QAM R c = 1/2 State 3: 16QAM R c = 2/3 State 4: 64QAM R c = 1/2 State 5: 64QAM R c = 2/3 Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms

12. 12/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica TU50 channel (17 dB, 22 dB) Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms TU50 channel @ 17 dB r 00 r 01 r 11 r 10  [bit/slot] State 1: 4-QAM 21  c R 0.9817 0.0183 0.1050 0.8950 27 State 2: 16-QAM 21  c R 0.9026 0.0974 0.2044 0.7956 54 State 3: 16-QAM 32  c R 0.8049 0.1951 0.3142 0.6858 72 State 4: 64-QAM 21  c R 0.7355 0.2645 0.4219 0.5781 81 State 5: 64-QAM 32  c R 0.5492 0.4508 0.6816 0.3184 108 TU50 channel @ 22 dB r 00 r 01 r 11 r 10  [bit/slot] State 1: 4-QAM 21  c R 0.9967 0.0033 0.0571 0.9429 27 State 2: 16-QAM 21  c R 0.9807 0.0193 0.0913 0.9087 54 State 3: 16-QAM 32  c R 0.9371 0.0629 0.1252 0.8748 72 State 4: 64-QAM 21  c R 0.9099 0.0901 0.1874 0.8126 81 State 5: 64-QAM 32  c R 0.7935 0.2065 0.3345 0.6655 108

13. 13/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica HT200 channel State 1: 4QAM R c = 1/2 State 2: 16QAM R c = 1/2 State 3: 16QAM R c = 2/3 State 4: 64QAM R c = 1/2 Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms

14. 14/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica HT200 channel (11 dB, 16 dB) Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms HT200 channel @ 11 dB r 00 r 01 r 11 r 10  [bit/slot] State 1: 4-QAM 21  c R 0.9859 0.0141 0.0142 0.9858 27 State 2: 16-QAM 21  c R 0.5787 0.4213 0.4462 0.5538 54 State 3: 16-QAM 32  c R 0.0745 0.9255 0.9145 0.0855 72 State 4: 64-QAM 21  c R 0.0069 0.9931 0.9855 0.0145 81 HT200 channel @ 16 dB r 00 r 01 r 11 r 10  [bit/slot] State 1: 4-QAM 21  c R 1 0 0 1 27 State 2: 16-QAM 21  c R 0.9811 0.0189 0.0107 0.9893 54 State 3: 16-QAM 32  c R 0.6828 0.3172 0.3222 0.6778 72 State 4: 64-QAM 21  c R 0.4501 0.5499 0.5736 0.4264 81

15. 15/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Uniform Cell quantization Several suitable mobility model Performance evaluation for each circular region Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms RR R R R Channel Model Es/N0 at the receiving end [dB] HT2001113162029 TU501719222635 Mobility management

16. 16/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Mobility management R 30° 15° 1 2 Rectilinear mobility models 1 R Outdoor walk mobility model Random waypoint model

17. 17/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Global AD algorithm maximizing for each scenario s=1,…,S Application to TEDS systems maximizing for all the S scenarios lower computational complexity O-ALC G-ALC

18. 18/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Simulation results Operative assumptions Traffic model: WWW application, consisting of a sequence of file downloads [3GPP 25.933] k = 1858 m = 66,666 / 5,000,000  = 1,1 Variable file request rate depending on considered loading factor Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms

19. 19/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Simulation results Operative assumptions Slow feedback channel due to the semi-duplex operation: (N)ACK knowledge delay equal to 4 slot duration time (4  13.3 ms) Dedicated allocation scheme: only 1 carrier is allocated to each user Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms

20. 20/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica HT200 @ 11 dB: Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Noticeable gain even in hard propagative conditions

21. 21/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica HT200 @ 11 dB: Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms

22. 22/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica TU50 @ 22 dB: Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Network capacity increasing +170%

23. 23/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica TU50 @ 22 dB: Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Network capacity increasing +170%

24. 24/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica +200% HT200 11dB HT200 16dB TU50 17dB TU50 22dB Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms HT200 & TU50 :

25. 25/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica +168%+175% R 30° 15° 1 2 Rectilinear mobility models Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms TU50 & mobility :

26. 26/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica +228%+230% Outdoor walk mobility model Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms 1 R TU50 & mobility :

27. 27/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica +205%+208% Random waypoint model Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms RR R R R TU50 & mobility :

28. 28/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Application to TEDS systems 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms G-ALC closely approaches O-ALC with lower complexity HT200 & mobility :

29. 29/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica Conclusions ALC algorithm based on the ACK/NACK messages provided by the MAC layer (cross-layer design) Thresholds selection by means of optimizing the link effective throughput Generalization to the case of several mobility models within a cell Application to the case of TEDS system Publications 1. 1.L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “An Efficient Rate Allocation Technique based on Channel Status Observation for Wireless Communication Systems”, in Proc. of IEEE WCNC 2004. 2. 2.L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “A Dynamic Rate Allocation Technique for Wireless Communication Systems ”, in Proc. of IEEE ICC 2004. 3. 3.L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “Performance Evaluation of a Channel Aware Link Adaptation Technique for High Speed Wireless Communication Systems”, submitted to Trans. On Vehicular Technology. 4. 4.F. Chiti, R. Fantacci, D. Tarchi, ETSI TEDS Channel Coding STF 179, “WG403036 Adaptive Link Control” Tech. Rep., 04 2004.

30. 30/29 July 10 th 2004 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica University of Florence Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Cross Layer Protocols Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems Philosophiae Doctor Thesis of Francesco Chiti on C OURSE OF I NFORMATICS AND T ELECOMMUNICATIONS E NGINEERING Tutors: Prof. Enrico Del Re Prof. Romano Fantacci