1. Master’s Thesis: Case Studies of Network Planning for Wireless Broadband Services – HSDPA and WiMAX Author: Simo-Ville Hönö Supervisor: Prof. Riku Jäntti Instructor: M.Sc. Ilmo Toivonen

2. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 2 Outline of Presentation Objectives of the Thesis Case 1: HSDPA –Introduction to HSDPA –Planning and optimizing WCDMA networks with HSDPA –Research methodology –Analysis of Results Case 2: WiMAX –Basics of WiMAX –Mobile WiMAX Coverage prediction through simulation Conclusions

3. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 3 Thesis Objectives The increasing demand for wireless broadband services are calling for higher capacity, data performance and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in existing mobile networks (i.e. higher bit rates, lower delays with short round trip times, QoS differentiation, seamless mobility and capability for instantaneous voice and data.) This Thesis is about: To point out the new features in network planning as well as system simulation methodology when implementing WCDMA networks with HSDPA, and to provide general aspects and complementary model for further HSDPA simulations using radio network planning tool. To provide viewpoints of upcoming Mobile WiMAX coverage planning in urban area, and to illustrate the enhancement in coverage when implementing pico base stations.

4. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 4 Case 1: Introduction to HSDPA New features in 3GPP Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) with two additional control channels Multi-code operation –Fixed spreading factor of 16 Adaptive modulation and coding –QPSK + 16QAM Flexible scheduling and fast link adaptation –TTI of 2 ms Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) –Fast and soft retransmission combining at Node B 1231

5. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 5 Planning and optimizing WCDMA networks with HSDPA (1/2) HSDPA utilizes the power that is left from Rel99 traffic and shares power and code resources dynamically →HSDPA NW planning is strongly related to Rel99 NW planning →The performance of both NWs depend from each other →Resource allocation (codes and powers), mobility management, admission and load control (noise rise) as well as QoS decisions must be treated carefully Some principles of HSDPA planning: –Clear and homogenous cell dominance areas –Electrical antenna downtilting –Uniform BTS heights with narrow beam antennas –Hot-spots should be preferred

6. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 6 Planning and optimizing WCDMA networks with HSDPA (2/2) Network performance analysis –Quality of Experience, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and network parameters Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) Geometry factor (= own-to-other-cell interference)

7. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 7 Research methodology Radio network planning tool, ASSET3G –Used for network simulations in the planning area Monte Carlo simulator taking 100 snapshots per test case Nokia N95 Handy –Field test measurements empirical data collected from drive test route Nemo Analyzer –Analysis of measurement data The purpose was: 1.to validate and verify the simulation methodology through empirical measurements from existing HSDPA network. 2.to find out the impact of network parameters on data performance.

8. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 8 Analysis of results (1/5): RSCP The most of RSCP is between -100 and -65 dBm. -simulation-field test

9. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 9 Analysis of results (2/5): Ec/N0 -simulation-field test The most Ec/N0 is from -3 to -9 dB

10. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 10 Analysis of results (3/5): CQI and Ec/N0 vs. RSCP 96,2 % of all CQI values were above the threshold of 10, which is required for adequate radio conditions Using the thresholds: RSCP > -95 dBm and Ec/N0 > -15 dB, 81,6 % of all measured values are providing adequate signal quality

11. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 11 Analysis of results (4/5): MAC-hs Throughput -simulation -field test The mean throughput was approximately 731 kbps using 90 % coverage probability and 770 kbps with the probability of 50 %.

12. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 12 Analysis of results (5/5): correlation analysis Ec/N0 vs. RSCP vs. throughput CQI vs. SIR vs. throughput The highest throughput is achieved with relatively good CQI (17 to 22) and with SIR > 3 dB Ec/N0 values between -5 and -8 dB with adequate RSCP (> -85 dBm) provide highest throughput

13. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 13 Test case: extra load in serving HS cell Two additional HSDPA users downloading content in the cell Ec/N0 vs. RSCP vs. throughput CQI vs. SIR vs. throughput Throughput is spread on Ec/N0 values between -6… -11 dB with RSCP > -100 dBm. The highest throughput is achieved with SIR > 2 dB.

14. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 14 Case 2: Basics of WiMAX IEEE 802.16e-2005 specifies WiMAX with mobility: OFDM –Transmitting data using subcarriers Subchannelisation –PUSC/FUSC Smart antenna technologies –Enhance coverage and channel throughput by taking advantage of multipath through diversity and combining techniques MAC layer features –Connection orientated architecture explointing all-IP core NW

15. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 15 Mobile WiMAX Coverage prediction through simulation The purpose of the coverage simulations was to illustrate the benefit of applying pico base stations to existing WiMAX macro coverage. - Macro coverage- Enhanced coverage

16. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 16 Analysis of AMC in WiMAX Using outdoor coverage probability of 95 % the achievable downlink bearer was simulated i.e. setting the targeted service level ranging from QPSK 1/2 giving the best obtainable coverage, to 64QAM 5/6 giving the best throughput with the expense of smaller cell size. - Macro coverage- Enhanced coverage

17. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 17 64QAM in Mobile WiMAX radio plan - Macro coverage- Enhanced coverage It was also discovered, how the apply of pico base stations affect on the availability of 64QAM modulation

18. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 18 Conclusions (1/2) Case 1: HSDPA –Analysis of measurements and comparison with simulation results showed that ASSET3G modeled HSDPA network performance fairly accurately, but slightly overestimated the user experienced QoS in some spots according to particular KPIs. –Simulation parameters like HSDPA transmission power, resource activity factor, applied scheduling method, definition of terminal types together with traffic estimation are the main variation factors. –the highest bit rates seemed to be most available in favorable radio channel conditions where RSCP > -95 dBm and Ec/N0 > -11 dB. –HSDPA cell throughput depends strongly on the interference distribution across the cell.

19. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 19 Conclusions (2/2) Case 2: Mobile WiMAX –Gaps in fixed WiMAX outdoor coverage were filled and service area was enhanced significantly when picos were applied –16QAM provided almost full coverage in simulation area –64QAM can be exploited well in hot-spots –When implementing Mobile WiMAX NWs with picos, also economical perspective should be considered i.e. transmission and HW costs. –WiMAX will challenge HSDPA in future network implementations by local telephone companies.

20. © Omnitele Ltd. 2007 20 Questions?