1. 1 Driving Improvements in Retail Food Safety Through Behavioral Changes Frank Yiannas LA IAFP 2008

3. In order to prepare for the future, we must understand and learn from the past.

4. The History of Food Processing 2000 B.C. - Here, eat this food quickly before it spoils.2000 B.C. - Here, eat this food quickly before it spoils. 500 B.C. - That food spoils fast. Here, salt it. 500 B.C. - That food spoils fast. Here, salt it. 1845 A.D.- That salt tastes bad. Here, place that food on ice.1845 A.D.- That salt tastes bad. Here, place that food on ice. 1850 A.D.- That ice melts fast. Here, place that food in a refrigerator.1850 A.D.- That ice melts fast. Here, place that food in a refrigerator. 1864 A.D.- That food still spoils. Here, pasteurize it.1864 A.D.- That food still spoils. Here, pasteurize it. 1980 A.D.- That pasteurized food doesn’t last long enough. Here, irradiate it.1980 A.D.- That pasteurized food doesn’t last long enough. Here, irradiate it. 1997 A.D.- That irradiated food is bad for you. Here, eat this “all natural fresh” stuff.1997 A.D.- That irradiated food is bad for you. Here, eat this “all natural fresh” stuff. 2000 A.D.- That “all natural fresh” stuff goes bad.2000 A.D.- That “all natural fresh” stuff goes bad. Here, eat this food quickly before it spoils. Here, eat this food quickly before it spoils. Copyright  2005 Yiannas

5. Food Consumed in a Lifetime Source: On the Nature of Food Allergy Paul Hannaway, MD > 75,000 Meals 550 Chickens 10,000 Eggs 36 Pigs 8 Cows

6. Hunter and Gatherer Early Farming

7. 1900s 1900s

8. Today’s Supermarket

9. US Food Dollar Spend $414 Billion (46%) Food Away From Home Source: Economic Research Service, USDA (2002)

10. Foodservice Establishments Typical Day, 44% of Americans Eat Out Source: National Restaurant Association, 2001

11. Food System Farm Packing or Slaughter Processing Distribution Transportation Foodservice Supermarket Home

12. Estimate of Foodborne Disease per Year in the U.S. 76 million cases 325,000 hospitalizations 5,000 deaths Source: Food Related Illness and Death in the U.S., CDC

13. Outbreaks of Foodborne Illness in the U.S. 1990 - 2003 Source: Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/outbreak/us_outb.htm 13

14. The National Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Disease Surveillance NetPulse ALASKA CALIFORNIA IDAHO OREGON WASHINGTON MONTANA WYOMING UTAH COLORADO ARIZONA NEW MEXICO TEXAS OKLAHOMA KANSAS NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA WISCONSIN IOWA ILLINOIS OHIO IN KENTUCKY WV VIRGINIA NO. CAROLINA GEORGIA FL ALABAMA MS MISSOURI ARKANSAS LA NEVADA HAWAII MICHIGAN PENNSYLVANIA NJ NEW YORK CT MA VT NH MAINE TENNESSEE CAROLINA SO. MD DE RI DC CDC National Pattern Database Area Laboratory ELC USDA-FSIS Laboratory FoodNet FDA-CFSAN Laboratory

15. The Race Public Health Detection Industry Prevention

16. Traditional Food Safety Strategies TrainingTraining InspectionsInspections Micro TestingMicro Testing

17. Number of Reported Foodborne Disease Outbreaks by Place, CDC, 1993-1997 U.S.

18. Number of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks by Contributing Factor, CDC, 1993-1997 U.S.

19. Food Safety = Behavior Copyright  2005 Yiannas

20. Food Safety Program

21. Food Safety Culture

22. Traditional Traditional Food Safety Management Behavior-based Behavior-based Food Safety Management Food Safety Management Focuses on processes.  Focuses on processes and people. Primarily based on Food Science. Based on Food Science, Behavioral Science, and Organizational Culture. Simplistic view of behavior change Behavior change is complex. Linear cause and effect thinking. Systems thinking.

23. Overview 1. What is culture? 2. Why the focus on culture? 3. Who creates culture? 4. How is a safety culture created?

24. 1. What is culture? Overview

25. Culture is shared patterns of thought and behavior that characterize a social group, which are learned through socialization processes and persist through time. - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health What is culture?

26. Culture is shared patterns of thought and behavior that characterize a social group, which are learned through socialization processes and persist through time. - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health What is culture?

27. Culture is shared patterns of thought and behavior that characterize a social group, which are learned through socialization processes and persist through time. - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health What is culture?

28. Culture is shared patterns of thought and behavior that characterize a social group, which are learned through socialization processes and persist through time. - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health What is culture?

29. Culture is shared patterns of thought and behavior that characterize a social group, which are learned through socialization processes and persist through time. - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health - Social & Behavioral Foundations of Public Health What is culture?

30. Overview 1. What is culture? 2. Why the focus on culture?

31. In major safety incident investigations, an underlying root cause is? a) faulty design b) operator error c) improper training d) organizational culture

32. In major safety incident investigations, an underlying root cause is? a) faulty design b) operator error c) improper training d) organizational culture

33. “In our view, the NASA organizational culture had as much to do with this accident as the foam.” - Columbia Accident Investigation Board (2003)

34. Overview 1. What is culture? 2. Why the focus on culture? 3. Who creates culture?

35. “Organizational cultures are created by leaders, and one of the most decisive functions of leadership may well be the creation, the management, and – if and when necessary – the destruction of culture.” - Edgar Schein - Edgar Schein Organizational Expert Organizational Expert Who creates culture?

36. Overview 1. What is culture? 2. Why the focus on culture? 3. Who creates culture? 4. How is a safety culture created?

37. “Food safety is not an accident” “Food safety is not an accident” - Chris Griffith 2002, RIPH - Chris Griffith 2002, RIPH

38. 1. Create Food Safety Performance Expectations 2. Educate & Train All Cast Members on Food Safety 3. Develop a Comprehensive Food Safety Communication Plan 4. Develop Food Safety Performance Goals, Accountability, and Measurement Systems 5. Develop Consistent Consequences for Food Safety Performance and Behaviors Food Safety Culture Five Strategic Concepts Copyright  2005 Yiannas

39. Food Safety Culture Continuous Improvement Model Expectation Reinforce Educate & Train Communicate Goals & Accountability Measure Copyright  2005 Yiannas

40. 1. Create Food Safety Performance Expectations U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration Washington, DC 20204 2001 The quality of expectations determines the quality of our actions. - A. Godin, French Writer (1880-1938) HACCP MANUAL (REVISED July 2005) FOOD SAFETY & HEALTH DEPARTMENT

41. 2. Educate & Train All Cast Members on Food Safety I cannot teach anybody anything; I can only make them think. - Socrates

42. 3. Develop a Comprehensive Food Safety Communication Plan When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but creatures of emotion. - Dale Carnegie

43. Estimate of Foodborne Disease per Year in the U.S. 76 million cases 325,000 hospitalizations 5,000 deaths Source: Food Related Illness and Death in the U.S., CDC

44. Source : STOP

45. 3. Develop a Comprehensive Food Safety Communication Plan When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but creatures of emotion. - Dale Carnegie

46. 4. Develop Food Safety Performance Goals, Accountability, and Measurement Systems PHF Temperature Control 20062007 nraten Trend 510.31180.22 360.2550.40 á 360.28110.09 â 260.12180.11 110.1880.00 â 1170.26460.20 280.07110.00 â 3050.241170.15 830.64360.47 Man is a goal seeking animal. His life only has meaning if he is reaching out and striving for his goals. - Aristotle

47. 5. Develop Consistent Consequences for Food Safety Performance and Behaviors Disciplinary Guidelines The consequence of an act affects the probability of it occurring again. - B.F. Skinner

48. Food Safety Culture Continuous Improvement Model Expectation Reinforce Educate & Train Communicate Goals & Accountability Measure Copyright  2005 Yiannas

49. The End