1. Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI HCHO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was funded by the NASA ACMAP program and the South African National Research Foundation OMI slant column (SC) HCHO (original data for 2005-2009 at 1  1°) OMI SC HCHO (excludes biomass burning) OMI SC HCHO (biogenic only) OMI vertical column (VC) HCHO (biogenic only) OMI VC HCHO (excludes smearing) OMI-derived E ISOP (Error of ~40-90%) 1 MODIS fire counts remove HCHO at the source of burning. OMI smoke AAOD tracks HCHO produced in biomass burning plumes transported extensively across Africa. Regional thresholds, used to identify biomass burning plumes, are cut-off values between biomass- and non-biomass- burning populations. MODIS fire counts OMI smoke AAOD regional thresholds HCHO produced during flaring of natural gas (predominantly in Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, and Egypt) filtered using AATSR hotspots AATSR Algorithm 3 hotspots in 2005 100s of kilometers Air mass factor (AMF) for 2005-2009 OMI surface albedo at 345 nm R 2 = 0.62 Advection (low OH) OH, O 2 NO 2 3 4 5 Displacement of HCHO from the isoprene emission source leads to smearing MEGAN E ISOP Eloïse Marais (emarais@fas.harvard.edu) 1, D. Jacob 1, T. Kurosu 2, K. Chance 3, J. Murphy 4, C. Reeves 5, G. Mills 5, S. Casadio 6, D. Millet 7, M. Barkley 8, F. Paulot 1, J. Mao 9 1 Harvard University, 2 JPL, 3 Harvard-Smithsonian, CfA, 4 U. Toronto, 5 U. East Anglia, 6 IDEAS, 7 U. Minnesota, 8 U. Leicester, 9 U. Princeton HCHO yield (S =  HCHO /  E ISOP ) vs column NO 2 (  NO2 ) from GEOS-Chem STEPS 1-3: Isolate biogenic signal & convert HCHO SC to VC STEP 4: Remove grid squares influenced by smearing STEP 5: Calculate E ISOP with GEOS- Chem, MEGAN & OMI NO 2 High NO x Low OH; high E ISOP ~200-300 km smearing to the west in central Africa (region with high E ISOP and low levels of OH) Smearing is < 100 km over the AMMA domain (relatively high NO x conditions) Surface albedo explains 62% of AMF variability GLC2000 landcover at 0.25  0.25° OMI biogenic HCHO is spatially consistent with biome distribution in Africa HCHO yields as a function of NO 2 from GEOS-Chem are applied to OMI NO 2 to generate HCHO yields at 1  1° OMI NO 2 (no biomass burning) Grid squares impacted by displacement of HCHO (and filtered out using GEOS-Chem) include grid squares located west of the Congo Basin and with low E ISOP. Monthly-average yields of HCHO at 1  1° are applied to OMI VC HCHO to determine OMI- derived E ISOP OMI-MEGAN HCHO yields [10 3 s] discrepancies 60 Tg C y -1 77 Tg C y -1 OMI is 33% lower than MEGAN in the tropics OMI is 38% higher than MEGAN for closed and open broadleaf trees in s. Africa Isoprene accounts for ~50% of global emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds. It is a major precursor of secondary organic aerosols and tropospheric ozone, impacting human health, climate and air quality. Formaldehyde satellite observations (  HCHO ) have been used to better quantify isoprene emissions (E ISOP ) and test current emission inventories, such as the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). Africa is a major source of E ISOP, but has thus far received little attention. Here we estimate E ISOP for Africa using OMI HCHO observations during 2005-2009. We remove HCHO produced from biomass burning and anthropogenic sources with proxy observations from space. We identify and exclude HCHO displaced from the source of E ISOP with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and MEGAN. Procedure to isolate a biogenic HCHO signal from OMI and convert biogenic  HCHO to E ISOP Colour Scale Key: OMI HCHO: OMI-MEGAN: E ISOP : Smearing under low NO x conditions makes the largest contribution (35-84%) to errors in the OMI-derived isoprene emissions.