1. Multi-Protocol Label Switching Technology for Next Generation Internet
ETRI
Switching & Transmission Technology Research Laboratory
Chu-Hwan Yim

2. Topics Internet - Current Status
Current Internet - What is the Problem?
MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching) Technology

3. Internet Topology - USA
A Picture designating the real
connection state of USA’s internet.

4. Internet Connection in Korea

5. Telecom Service Forecasting in Korea
Subscribers (Unit: 10,000)
Telephony
Internet
CATV
PC Comm.
ISDN
Source: ETRI TM - KII Strategy

6. Internet Traffic (USA)
Terabyte/day
Rapid Growth of Internet Traffic
New Internet Services
IP Voice, Fax
IP-VPN
New Technology
DWDM, ADSL
Terabit Router
Source: ATM Year’98 AT&T

7. Average Duration of Internet Calls
Voice Call
Source: ISS’97

8. Internet Hop Distance - Average 15 Hops
- the main cause of Internet Delay

9. Internet Loss & Response Time (North America)
Packet
Loss
Average 6%
Response
Time
Average 280 ms

10. Internet Loss & Response Time (Europe)
Packet
Loss
Average 8%
Response
Time
Average 400 ms

11. Internet Loss & Response Time (Asia)
Packet
Loss
Average 18%
Response
Time
Average 590 ms

12. VoIP(Voice over IP) Delay
Gateway Architecture
PC-to-PC Architecture
PSTN
(Modem)
PSTN
(Modem)
Internet
PSTN GW
Internet
30~100*
msec
30~100*
msec
70~110 msec
140~460 msec
100~210 msec
170~500 msec
Hard to reduce below 100msec
of End-to-End delay.
Total delay is dominated by sound card
and modem delay(100~430msec).
*Case of measured link delay at Chicago-California(2000 miles).

13. VoIP Quality Characteristic
Delay 5%
20%
10%
100ms
150ms
400ms
Toll
Quality
Good
Potentially
useful A B C D N
Loss
N: The present quality limitation of VoIP
A: Case of insufficient buffer on the path
(high loss, low delay)
B,C: Case of suitable buffer on the path
D: Case of sufficient buffer on the path
(low loss, high delay)
Required below 7% of loss
and below 120msec of delay
for reasonable voice quality.
IEEE Network Jan/Feb 1998

14. Internet Networking Issues
QoS
VPN
High-Speed
Low Cost
- Admission
control
- Traffic shaping
- Scheduling
- CUG
- Reliability
- Network management
- Billing
- Performance
- Scalability
- Low Cost
. Equipment
. Operation
IP over ATM
IP over SDH/WDM
IP over ? (MPLS ?)

15. Requirements of Internet
VPN(Virtual Private Network)
Reduction of Teleco cost (Leased Line, Remote Access)
Reduction of INTRANET construction cost(RAS, PABX)
CoS(Class of Service)
To meet the users’ requirements in delay and loss
To support various types of traffic in the same network
Flows
Traffic engineering

16. MPLS and INTERNET Appropriate for Internet Backbone
Easy to implement VPN
less processing overhead than router-based VPN
Support of CoS
strict QoS support
easy to support ‘Differentiated Service’
Traffic Engineering Aspects
Path-level traffic control
Dynamic Bandwidth allocation

17. MPLS Motivations Simplify integration of ATM and IP
Offer both ATM and native IP services in a single network
Offer benefits of traditionally found only in Level 2 networks directly to IP - Traffic Engineering, VPNs
Address major network scalability challenges
Permit graceful evolution of routing and services

18. MPLS extends traditional IP in the following areas:
Simplified Forwarding
Based on labels instead of longest prefix-match
Efficient Explicit Routing
Route is specified once by source at path setup time
Traffic Engineering
Split traffic load over multiple parallel or alternate routes
QoS Routing
Select routes based upon QoS requirements

19. MPLS Network Architecture
Label Switch Router (LSR)
MPLS Domain
Switching on Label
Label swapping
LER
Label Edge Router (LER)
MPLS Control Component
LER
Full-function Layer 3 routers
Label Binding based on FIB
ATM Switch Fabric

20. MPLS Network Routing at Layer 3, Forwarding at Layer 2 End System
LER
LSR
LSR
LER IP
routing IP
routing IP
routing IP
routing IP
routing IP
routing
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
(Switch or
Router)
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
(Switch or
Router)
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
(Switch or
Router)
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
(Switch or
Router)
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
ATM/FR/
Ethernet
MPLS Domain

21. MPLS Components and Protocols
Separation allows flexibility
Simple label-swapping paradigm
Multiple Control Planes can manipulate labels
Various applications can directly manipulate label binding
LDP
CR-LDP
Unicast
Routing
Multicast
Routing
(PIM)
Traffic
Engineering
Differental
Services
QoS
(RSVP)
Virtual
Private
Networks
TCP/IP
Label Information Base (LIB)
Per-label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicasting
ATM, FR, Ethernet, SONET

22. MPLS Benefits Integration of IP and ATM
New services and capabilities for IP
VPNs
Traffic Engineering
Flexibility in the delivery of new routing services
Scalability

23. MPLS Internet Premium Service : Super - ISP Service
Premium Internet Access Service
1.5~155Mbps, CoS Selection and QoS Guarantee Service
Service for business user, Value-added items
High-speed Internet Access (1 or 2 Hops in a network)
High-speed Net. Server Access
Portal Server, IP/CP Server, E-business, Cyber Mall
High-speed access to International Gateway Node
VPN Service
High-speed IP-TV Broadcast Service
Role of LER as PoP and GigaPoP

24. MPLS Internet Backbone Service : Super - NSP Service
ISP Backbone Service
NSP Service for national ISPs
Backbone Access Service for regional ISPs
Common Int’l Gateway with Caching
Internet Traffic Exchange Service between ISPs
Role of Network Access Point
Peering Service
Service agreement between ISP and NSP
Bi-, Multilateral peering
Additional Routing Server Support
Policy-based routing, BB(Bandwidth Broker), RA(Routing Arbiter)

25. New Services are Driving the Need to Scale IP Networks
Packet Forwarding
Packet Filtering
Policing
IP Flow Classification
BGP Peering
IGP Scaling
Multicast Scaling
Policy Scaling
Virtual Routing
MPLS:
Multiservice IP +
ATM
Source: NGN’98

26. Driving Force in IP Networking
MPLS
Multiservice
Network
Network Management
New IP Services
Traffic Management
Traffic Engineering
CoS, QoS and
Differential Services
Directory Service
Security
Intranets
Extranets
Intelligent Data
Scalable Multicast
Carrier-Class WAN Backbone with Quality IP
Source: NGN’98