1. Minerals: Building blocks of rocks 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition

2. Minerals: Building blocks of rocks 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition

3. Atoms, the building block of Elements 2.Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a.Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b.Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c.Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons d.Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons

4. 2.Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a.Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b.Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c.Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons a.Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons

5. 3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a.Isotopes b.Ions c.Compounds d.Minerals

6. 3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a.Isotopes b.Ions c.Compounds d.Minerals

8. Core Heat - heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and -heat from the decay of radioactive elements. 4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a.Same # of protons, different # of electrons b.Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c.Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d.Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

9. 4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a.Same # of protons, different # of electrons b.Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c.Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d.Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

10. 5.What are the building blocks of minerals? a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Rocks d. Elements

11. Periodic Table of the Elements 5.What are the building blocks of minerals? a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Rocks d. Elements

12. Composition of minerals Chemical bonding Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements

13. Types of Bonding 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? –A. Nucleus –B. Electrons –C. Protons –D. Neutrons

14. Types of Bonding 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? –A. Nucleus –B. Electrons –C. Protons –D. Neutrons

15. Types of Bonding 7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen

16. 7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen

17. 8. Physical properties of minerals What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a.Luster b.Cleavage c.Fracture d.Crystalline structure

18. Physical properties of minerals 8. What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a.Luster b.Cleavage c.Fracture d.Crystalline structure

19. Physical Properties of Minerals 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? A. Fracture B. cleavage C. Hardness D. streak

20. Physical Properties of Minerals 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? A. Fracture B. cleavage C. Hardness D. streak

21. 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? A. Calcite B. Apatite C. fluorite D. gypsum

22. 10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? A. Calcite B. Apatite C. fluorite D. gypsum

23. 11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a.8 – 9 b.9 – 10 c.7 – 10 d.7 - 9

24. 11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a.8 – 9 b.9 – 10 c.7 – 10 d.7 - 9

25. 12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? a. Color b. Luster c. Cleavage d. Streak

26. 12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? a. Color b. Luster c. Cleavage d. Streak

27. Mineral groups Nearly 4000 minerals have been named Rock-forming minerals Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust Only a few dozen members Composed mainly of the 8 elements that make up over 98% of the continental crust

28. Mineral Groups 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? –A. Oxygen and Nitrogen –B. Oxygen and Silicon –C. Oxygen and Sulfur –D. Oxygen and Aluminum

29. Elemental abundances in continental crust 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? A. Oxygen and Nitrogen B. Oxygen and Silicon C. Oxygen and Sulfur D. Oxygen and Aluminum

30. Mineral groups 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the –a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron –B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron –C. Silicon-oxygen triangle –D. Silicon-aluminum triangle

31. Mineral Groups 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron C. Silicon-oxygen triangle D. Silicon-aluminum triangle

32. Non-silicates Important nonsilicate minerals Typically divided into classes based on anions Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust Often occur in sedimentary rocks

33. Mineral Groups 15. Olivine, MgSiO 4, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Halides –D. Silicates

34. Mineral Groups 15. Olivine, MgSiO 4, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Halides –D. Silicates

35. Mineral Groups 16. Corundum, Al 2 O 3, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Sulfates/Sulfides –D. Halides

36. Mineral Groups 16. Corundum, Al 2 O 3, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides – a metal and Oxygen –B. Carbonates –C. Sulfates/Sulfides –D. Halides

37. Mineral Groups 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Carbonates –B. Halides –C. Native elements –D. Oxides

38. Mineral Groups 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Carbonates –B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group 17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine) –C. Native elements –D. Oxides

39. Mineral Groups 18. Calcite, CaCO 3, found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates

40. Mineral Groups 18. Calcite, CaCO 3, found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates

41. Mineral Groups 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a.Sulfates/sulfides b.Silicates c.Oxides d.Native elements

42. Mineral Groups 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a.Sulfates/sulfides b.Silicates c.Oxides d.Native elements

43. Mineral Groups 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Native elements –C. Halides –D. Silicates

44. Mineral Groups 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? A. Oxides B. Native elements – single elements C. Halides D. Silicates