1. Noyaux Exotiques @ CERN- ISOLDE Yorick Blumenfeld

2. 18 May 2009 New opportunities in the physics landscape at CERN 2 The size of the nucleus: halos and skins Explaining complex nuclei from basic constituents The different shapes of the nucleus: collectivity versus individuality The end of Mendeleev’s table: superheavies Doubly-magic nuclei and shell structure far from stability The limits of nuclear stability: measuring and predicting masses Isospin dependence of the nuclear force Burning cycles in stars Testing the Standard Model The origin of the chemical elements Applications in materials and life sciences N=Z n-drip line p-drip line r-process path The science

3. Radioactive beam production GANIL/SISSI, GSI, RIKEN, NSCL/MSU GANIL/SPIRAL, REX/ISOLDE, ISAAC/TRIUMF High energy, large variety of species, Poor optical qualities Low energy, chemistry is difficult, good beam qualities

4. Accelerators at CERN

5. LINAC2 PSB PS ISOLDE

6. Proton driver - LINAC2... up to 3x10 13 protons per pulse at an energy of 1.4GeV basic period 1.2s It all starts with a gas bottle of hydrogen...

7. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Converter Target Standard Targets Converter Target p+

8. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Production of exotic ions 1 GeV p p n 2 3 8 U 2 0 1 F r + spallation 1 1 L i X + + fragmentation 1 4 3 C s Y + + fission

9. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Target HOT and THICK targets: Extraction guided by thermochemical and physical principles Diffusion Effusion

10. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Surface & plasma ionization

11. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Ion source Laser ionization

12. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE ISOLDE Table of elements

13. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE REXEBI S Experiments REXTRAP MASS SEPARATOR 7-GAP RESONATORS @ 101.28 MHz IH RF Q 9-GAP RESONATOR @ 202.56 MHz 3.0 MeV/u 2.2 MeV/u 1.2 MeV/u 0.3 MeV/u ISOLDE beam 60 keV Rebuncher Primary target High energy driver beam protons Optional stripper ISOLDE REX-Isolde * 6 cavities * 100 and 200 MHz, ~100 kW * 300 keV/u to 3 MeV/u * longitudinal accumulation and bunching * transverse phase space cooling * charge breeding * 1+ ions to n+ D. Voulot

14. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE ISOLDE@CERN

15. ISOLTRAP: principle Determination of nuclear mass by measuring the cyclotron frequency: Ions are trapped in crossed magnetic and electric field The frequency of their motion is proportional to their mass A=100, B=6T +  1 MHz   1 kHz z  44 kHz A=100, B=6T +  1 MHz   1 kHz z  44 kHz

16. Setup B = 4.7 T B = 5.9 T 2 m determination of cyclotron frequency (R = 10 7 ) removal of contaminant ions (R = 10 5 ) Bunching of the continuous beam setup stable alkali ion reference source 10 cm Time of flight [  s]

17. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE Constraints for nuclear models

18. The Nuclear Shell Model Central potential(harmonic oscillator or W.S) Spin orbit potential with dV/dr form factor Gives rise to magic numbers N=2,8,20,28,50,82 Also sub-shell closures 2 8 20 28 50 82 126

19. 16 20 24 2832 4000 3000 2000 1000 100 200 300 400 500 B(E2) e 2 fm 4 E(2 + ) keV N=20 N=28 Neutron Number 20 28 f 7/2 f 5/2 d 3/2 s 1/2 d 5/2 p 3/2 p 1/2 40 “Mirror” shape between E(2 + ) and B(E2) Maximum of collectivity at mid-shell Shell closures in Ca isotopes

20. Summer Students 2008K. Riisager / ISOLDE “Safe” Coulomb Excitation experiments  particle (CD) -  correlations E/A = 2.8 MeV/u P. Van Duppen   2+ 0+ 2+  Excitation Decay

21. Miniball segmented Ge array München, Köln, Heidelberg, Leuven, Daresbury, Strasbourg,...

22. 32 Mg: The island of inversion 40 Ca 38 Ar 36 S 34 Si 32 Mg 30 Ne 200 400 B(E2) [e 2 fm 4 ] N=20 sd sd+fp 4 3 2 1 0 12162024 E(2 + ) [MeV] N 12 Mg 16 S 20 Ca 28 20 8 f 7/2 p 3/2 f 5/2 p 1/2 d 3/2 s 1/2 d 5/2 p 1/2 fp 14

23. 18 May 2009 New opportunities in the physics landscape at CERN 23 ISOLDE users community 2004 – 2008 68 approved experiments 579 scientists 134 institutes 34 countries Xxx publications of which yyy in “Letters”

24. Towards the Future 2012: Pushing today’s technology to the limits 2020 : 1000 times more power; 100 times higher energy