1. Part II – Applications 3D Engineered Models for Construction Part II - Applications September 2012 1

2. Part II – Applications Review of Material from Part I Overview of 3D modeling 3D plans, electronic data files, digital terrain models Benefits (to owner-agencies, contractors, and A/E firms) Use in field applications such as automated machine guidance 2

3. Part II – Applications The Focus of Part II Successes in implementation of 3D modeling Specifications (what is used and how) Project selection guidelines Information sharing across entities Common implementation challenges Limitations to use of 3D modeling (practical examples) Benefits and future uses (4D and 5D models) 3

4. Part II – Applications History - BIM Applications for Building Construction 4 Export 3D model to computer numerical control (CNC) machines Photo courtesy of Autodesk

5. Part II – Applications History - BIM Applications for Building Construction 5 Allowed automation of structural shape cuts with a high level of precision Allowed development of an erection plan and sequencing for implementation Photo courtesy of Autodesk

6. Part II – Applications Where Application of 3D Modeling Started 6 Building Information Modeling Unusual fabrications Clashes between items above ceiling tiles (HVAC, piping, etc.) Vertical construction Photo courtesy of Autodesk

7. Part II – Applications BIM Influences on Transportation Applications 7 Export 3D model to bridge girder fabricators for pre-fabrication Applies to highways in urban areas where utility networks might have clashes that need to be avoided

8. Part II – Applications Further Application of 3D Models to Transportation Projects 8 Models can support projects in all modes Example: model transit tunnel system Photo courtesy of Autodesk

9. Part II – Applications How 3D Modeling Can Fit Into Agency Programs 3D modeling can be used by itself or also linked to field applications such as automated machine guidance Designing in 3D helps practitioners visualize the project and identify potential design issues The future may see agencies transition to 3D design processes Accomplishing this transition is the first step (requires software, training, and experience) 9

10. Part II – Applications Use of 3D Modeling with Enhanced Technologies LIDAR – Light Detecting and Ranging (data intensive point clouds for 3D design) 10 Photo courtesy of ILDOT/MO State University

11. Part II – Applications Uses of LIDAR for Point Cloud Data for 3D Model Get clearances for overhead, location of roadside appurtenances, etc. Nice if dealing with locations with clearance issues, etc. If need an as-built for a bridge May be used to evaluate earthwork quantities 11 Generates robust data for planning design and visualization

12. Part II – Applications LIDAR Point Cloud for Overhead Structure 12 Photo courtesy of ILDOT/MO State University

13. Part II – Applications LIDAR Point Cloud for Roadway Segment 13 Photo courtesy of ILDOT/MO State University

14. Part II – Applications LIDAR and 3D Modeling 14 LIDAR Point Cloud CAD/Design Data Photos courtesy of Autodesk

15. Part II – Applications Bridge LIDAR Video Example 15 LIDAR point cloud 3D video visualization fly-by Photo courtesy of Autodesk

16. Part II – Applications Wisconsin DOT – US Hwy 10 Expansion Model based design allowed for faster, cheaper plan set development compared with traditional CAD design 16 Photo courtesy of Wisconsin DOT

17. Part II – Applications Project Selection Guidelines Eventually all projects may be in 3D Advantages – where a lot of stakeholder input is expected Projects with high probability of clashes Where a considerable amount of earth moving may be required (use of AMG) 17

18. Part II – Applications Project Selection Guidelines (cont.) Where string lines are going to be problematic Pavement projects where surface problem corrections (severe undulation) require variable milling to improve the ride 18 What other project selection criteria have you used?

19. Part II – Applications AMG Specifications Agencies may wish to avoid requiring the use of AMG, unless it is absolutely necessary for the success of the project (e.g. single lane white topping and pilot implementation projects). Do not want to limit potential bidders by specifying a method that only a few can use. 19

20. Part II – Applications How Agencies Handle Specification Needs Often will not spec 3D modeling but allow contractors to use this innovative technique for greater efficiency and lower cost Some have a spec in case the contractor decides to use AMG The spec is only used if the contractor chooses to use AMG as part of the bid Encourages contractor to use AMG which would require a specification (QA requirements, how they will get the model, what they will do with it, waivers needed to get the model, etc.) 20

21. Part II – Applications Communicating Information and Data 3D model is provided by agency Contractor hires a company to process data into machine file for use in the field The contractor may handle 3D modeling using their own personnel 21

22. Part II – Applications Limitations to Use Model is a representation Data intensive Time limitation Governmental agencies may be inundated with requests for information in order to complete data prep on time 22

23. Part II – Applications Changes in Surveying Augments an original survey that is performed Grid survey as opposed to centerline survey 23

24. Part II – Applications Transfer of Model from Designer to Constructor Contractors prefer – As detailed as possible – Before bidding Modifications will have to be made – Can a modified model be treated like a shop drawing? – What constitutes a design modification and therefore requires a licensed professional and coordination with the original designer? – What modifications merely add detail that carries out the original design intent? 24

25. Part II – Applications AASHTO Resource for Application (TIG) 25 Integration of 3D Modeling, GPS, and computer operated construction equipment

26. Part II – Applications Opportunities and Challenges 26 Photo courtesy of Autodesk

27. Part II – Applications Common Challenge 27 Deciding how much detail to provide Image courtesy of FHWA

28. Part II – Applications Data Improve data management and exchange – XML and TransXML need to be more robust for wide adoption – Standard procedures needed to pass files between designer and constructor 28

29. Part II – Applications Training Training and education needed for all – Stakeholders (owner, designer, constructor) – All levels Designers and design technicians Engineers and managers Executives 29

30. Part II – Applications Standardization Standardize practices and processes agencies use during modernization process. – Delivery of model to constructor – Project survey control – Techniques to survey for partial payment of quantities – Requirements for the 3D model – CADD standards, design manuals, etc. 30

31. Part II – Applications Benchmark Case Studies Case studies demonstrate – Feasibility – Best practices Contracting authorities wish to see success in a context that is similar to their own May encourage adoption 31

32. Part II – Applications Subgrades/Paving/Overlays Unique challenges that are different from earthwork applications – Greater accuracy required – Higher value materials – Perishable materials – Thickness and ride are more important than elevation sometimes 32

33. Part II – Applications The Future of 3D Modeling 4D models add schedule components 33

34. Part II – Applications 5D Model (Cash Flow) 34 Photo courtesy of Autodesk

35. Part II – Applications Application of 3D modeling for transportation can follow BIM applications used for buildings Models can provide cost savings, time savings, and clash detection for items such as utilities Technology applications such as LIDAR can provide robust data to supplement the 3D model 35 Summary

36. Part II – Applications Questions? 36 Douglas Townes, FHWA-RC 404.562.3914 Douglas.Townes@dot.gov Richard McDaniel, FHWA-EFL 571.434.1580 Richard.Mcdaniel@dot.gov Chris Schneider, FHWA-HQ 202.493.0551 Christopher.Schneider@dot.gov Bryan Cawley, FHWA-HQ 202.366.1333 Bryan.Cawley@dot.gov