1. Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty – 2014 Integrating Land Governance into the Post- 2015 Agenda Managing Mapping and Survey Records in a Future Digital World Ian Harper Geodata Australia (c) Geodata Australia

2. OUTLINE 1.Digital Land Administration 2.Digital Efficiencies 3.The Technology Transitions I.Manual to Digital II.Mapping to Survey 4.Systems for the Future

3. Future Digital Efficiencies Technology is providing greater capabilities in: Measurement tools – GNSS, Scanning, Lidar, terrestrial and aerial imagery, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones. Computing Computations Data Storage Automating existing manual processes

4. The Technology Transitions 1)Manual (and other) records & processes to Digital records and processes 2)Mapping technologies to Survey technologies

5. The Technology Transitions – Manual to Digital Agreements between Owners Identifying agreed boundary locations with physical structures that can be then surveyed & recorded – allows accurate reinstatement at any time Approximate location identified on imagery – aerial or terrestrial. Useful for limited resources but reinstatement may face dispute.

6. The Technology Transitions – Manual to Digital Indicative Maps of ownership: Scanning of boundary layout – provides digital representation for administration purposes – Similar options to previous agreements: Link to aerial photography to enhance location accuracy Field survey to locate monuments or identifiable boundaries

7. The Technology Transitions – Manual to Digital Survey Records: Historical survey records represented the relationships between adjoining properties. Used for accurate local boundary determinations on the ground. They were not relevant to large databases

8. The Technology Transitions – Manual to Digital Manual ProcessesDigital Processes No Tenure Records Mapping Records Mapping OutcomesSurvey Outcomes (not considered) Survey Records Mapping database Traditional survey computations involving small groups of plans Digitised Imagery / Survey Initial digital databases had little survey input

9. The Technology Transitions – Mapping to Survey When the spatial quality of a Land Administration Database is not meeting the business needs of any jurisdiction, consideration needs to be given to moving to a Survey Database (SD) structure. Once the SD structure is in place analysis of the needs of the jurisdiction will provide guidelines to a strategy of spatial upgrading as needs and budgets provide.

10. The Technology Transitions – Mapping to Survey CREATING A SURVEY DATABASE From Survey Records Cadastral Survey records are the underlying data source but require significant understanding and computational manipulation. This has been automated in the SURVEY DATABASE technology. From Mapping Databases Migrates a mapping database to an initial survey database by reverse engineering to generate survey dimensions – Cost effective starting option.

11. Systems For the Future Survey Database Technology: Provides the capability to generate a survey database from the survey measurement information on the survey records and retain those measurements. Because they provide spatial relationships, any type of measurements can be utilised:  Compass & pacing  Theodolite & chain  Electronic survey equipment  GPS They do not ‘fit’ easily into a structured digital environment.

12. The Technology Transitions – Survey Records Survey plan completed in 1833. The land has been owned by the same family since that time. No new survey plans of the property have been done. New surveys between the survey pegs at the corner show the real distance on the ground is 6m different from that shown on the old plan. 2414 m by 1833 survey plan. 2420 m measured by new survey

13. The Technology Transitions – Mapping to Survey Manual ProcessesDigital Processes No Tenure Records Mapping Records Mapping Outcomes Survey Outcomes Survey Records Location Accuracy Mapping database Survey Database Technology Traditional survey computations Digitised Imagery / survey Database management efficiencies but with greater costs

14. Systems For the Future COTS survey database solution at local level that is scalable to a State level. Local State Spatial Data Source (new & historical) Maps Surveys Maps Surveys Spatial Management of Data Survey Database Data Collection, Compilation and management GEOCADASTRE (XML data file) BUSINESS MODEL Linking Local Resources with State Digital Infrastructure. Survey Database Management ESRI PARCEL EDITOR / GEODATABASE Spatial Administration of Tenure Same Data Structure Same Workflows

15. Systems For the Future THE SURVEY DATABASE SOLUTION The stages of the process are: 1.Entering the dimensions of survey parcels from the record documents or new survey data. 2.Joining the parcels into a fabric with no overlaps or gaps 3.Adjusting the database with weighting applied to all measurements The process can be rigorous and provides validation tools at all stages as data and needs apply. These stages can be assigned to different levels of experience.

16. Systems For the Future LOCAL SURVEY DATABASE SOLUTION – OUTCOMES Stand-alone software solution capable of being used in the field or remote locations. Basic workflows in data collection & compilation. Limited rigorous processes required at local level. Local Authorities micro managing the data that feeds into a macro state tenure system. Ability to set up local data management systems that have the capacity to feed into a state system that still may be in its formative stages.

17. Systems For the Future LOCAL SURVEY DATABASE OUTCOMES – SOCIAL A greater sense of ownership and pride in the data. Easier to resolve conflicts at a local level (maybe) Employment - significant local resources can be applied in lieu of higher technology solutions. Skilling local resources in basic measurement and computations

18. Systems For the Future THE SURVEY DATABASE SOLUTION The Survey Database Solution at a State level is available around the world in the ESRI ArcGIS enterprise system. The GeoCadastre local solution is used in Australia by many local government and utilities to manage their local cadastral survey databases. Several States in Australia also use the process as a data compilation tool to feed historical survey plan data into their Spatial Data Infrastructure.

19. Systems For the Future e-GOVERNMENT In Australia the technology is being utilised as part of the automation of the lodgement and quality examination of digital survey plan files creating new titles, introducing recognisable e-government efficiencies. This type of overall electronic automation of workflows is initially not relevant to developing land administrations but if the survey database technology is in place, efficiencies can be invoked as capabilities expand.

20. Systems For the Future The issues with accuracy : A reasonable cost - can be amortised by increased efficiencies Implementation strategies - Governance A high level of detail required across a significant dataset Stakeholder perceptions and expectations

21. Future Digital Efficiencies Courtesy-Tony Sleigh-Emergency Information Coordination Unit -Department of Lands NSW

22. The Link to Survey Records Those legal records are an integral part of defining tenure boundaries, irrespective of their spatial quality and the more the digital database reflects the intent of those historical records, the stronger the economic & social stability.

23. Future Digital Efficiencies Technology has now provided rigorous tools that may not be relevant to the basic spatial representation of tenure systems but manages them in a basic environment that allows consideration of the long term outcomes.

24. THANK YOU Ian HARPER – GEODATA AUSTRALIA harper@geodata.com.au.