2. Chapter 6 Changes in Southeast Asia Major Patterns of Independence Movements in Southeast Asia Sub-Theme 3 Change and Development of Japan and Southeast Asia

3. Time Track Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia 1954 Independence of Malaya Independence of Vietnam Independence of Laos and Cambodia1953 Independence of Indonesia1950 Independence of Burma1948 Independence of Philippines1946 EventEventYear 1957 Independence of Singapore1965 Independence of Brunei1984

4. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia In September 1948, the communists organized a major revolt Military Confrontations Indonesia: In August 1945, Sukarno proclaimed the establishment of the independent Republic of Indonesia The Dutch wanted to restore their rule. Severe fightings broke out In the end of 1944, Japan revealed the plan for Indonesia independence

5. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations Indonesia: Two ‘Police Actions’ were launched In August 1949, the Dutch agreed to give up control of Indonesia at Hague Conference In September 1948, the communists organized a major revolt In 1950, the Republic of Indonesia declared full independence, Sukarno became the president

6. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia In 1946-54, the First Indochina War Military Confrontations Vietnam: In 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was founded France attempted to restore the colonial rule after the Second World War In 1941, Viet Minh was formed

7. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations Vietnam: In 1954, France was defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the Geneva Conference was held In 1946-54, the First Indochina War North Vietnam was ruled by the Communist Party led by Ho Chi Minh South Vietnam was ruled by Ngo Dinh Diem Vietnam was separated into the North and the South during the Geneva Conference in 1954

8. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia The actions angered Burmese Political Negotiations Burma: In 1945, the Allied Forces took control of Burma The British established a military administration and charged Aung San with treason The Japanese worked with many nationalist leaders(e.g.Aung San) during the Second World War

9. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations Burma: The British realized that Burmese nationalism was so strong and colonial rule had to come to an end In 1947, a constitutional assembly was established in Burma The actions angered Burmese In 1948, Burma was declared a republic

10. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia The Malayan Indian Congress joined the alliance and formed the National Alliance Political Negotiations Malaya: In 1948, Britain proposed the establishment of the Federation of Malaya. It guaranteed the privileges to the Malays In 1952, an alliance formed by the UNMO and the Malayan Chinese Association won a substantial victory in the election In 1946, the United Malays National Organization was founded and rose as a significant nationalist leader

11. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations Malaya: In 1955, the National Alliance won most of the seats in the election. Tunku Abdul Rahman requested complete independence The Malayan Indian Congress joined the alliance and formed the National Alliance In 1952, an alliance formed by the UNMO and the Malayan Chinese Association won a substantial victory in the election In 1957, Malaya declared independence

12. Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia In 1946, full independence was granted to the Philippines Foreign Interference Philippines: In 1935, the Philippines Commonwealth was formed. It was a substantial step towards self-government Although the Americans still retained economic control, they agreed to give the Philippines full independence after a 10-year interim period In 1898, the Philippines was annexed by the US. The US promised the independence of Filipinos in future

13. The End