1. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Inclusive Programs for Young Children

2. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs Child care programs –Family child care—care provided in someone’s home for six or fewer children In some states they are licensed. –Center child care—child care provided in a separate setting, similar to a school They are multiple providers and one to many classrooms. Staff to child ratios are set by the state.

3. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) –Corporate child care—business-run child care for their employees Employees can then visit their child more often.

4. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) Preschool—programs that serve children ages three to five; usually half-day programs –Public school preschool programs Preschool offered in the public school can be compensatory education, for children who are disadvantaged. Some states offering preschool to all 4 year olds.

5. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) –Community-based programs Run by the community with heavy parent involvement; often called parent cooperatives. –Religious-organization-based programs Found in churches, temples, and religious community centers. Religious and cultural emphasis in addition to learning activities.

6. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) Head Start –Began in 1965 specifically for low income families. –Increase school readiness for young children. –Now serves over 900,000 children. –Ten percent of the population must be children with documented special needs. –Early Head Start serves children ages birth to five, pregnant women and their families.

7. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) School age children –Public and some private offer services to children age Kindergarten and up. A full range of services may be available. –Before- and after-school care can also be provided.

8. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) Recreation programs –Sports, art, dance, and music classes. –Many are inclusive and provide opportunities for all children.

9. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. System of Supports and Services DEC/NAEYC Joint Position Paper on Inclusion (2009) established a system of services and supports that reflect the needs of children with varying disabilities.

10. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Recommended Practices for Programs Best practices –Research-based or value-based practices Supported by empirical research, not personal or societal reflections. –Family-centered practices Includes the family and realizes that the child is a family member, not a separate identity. –Multicultural practices Identifies family uniqueness and cultural competence.

11. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Recommended Practices for Programs (continued) –Cross-disciplinary practices Professionals from all areas working together as a team. –Developmentally/chronologically age- appropriate practices Understanding child development and the impact on the child and family. –Normalized practices Providing activities for children with disabilities to participate with their peers.

12. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two Relationships among caregivers and children –Create an enabling environment Children interact with their environment. Communication is intentional. Interactions foster child’s sense of self-control. Infants are given opportunities to respond to people and situations.

13. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) Environment and experiences –Children are allowed and expected to interact with their surroundings. –Children engage in activities that are developmentally appropriate. –Routines are predictable. –Encourages and supports active exploration.

14. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) Equipment –Bright, colorful, and well-organized. –Appropriate materials: Sturdy picture books Household items Climbing apparatus Mirrors Nesting toys

15. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) Health, safety, and nutrition –Follow safety guidelines when purchasing toys and materials. –Sanitize. –Prepare well-balanced menus, being mindful of allergies.

16. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) Reciprocal relationships with families –Parents are the primary caregivers. –Positive interactions are key: Share information about their child. Demonstrate respect for family’s culture, language, life choices. Respond respectfully to parents’ questions, comments and concerns.

17. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five Creating a caring community of learners –Learning communities are developed where children celebrate the accomplishments of one or all. –Peer relationships are encouraged. –Social relationships, collaboration between child and adult, and between teachers and families exist.

18. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) Teaching to enhance development and learning –Children are engaged in developmentally and age-appropriate activities. –Environment invites and supports learning. –Environment matches varying abilities. –Teaching strategies support child independence, self-determination and creativity.

19. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) Constructing an appropriate curriculum –Play is valued –Social-emotional development Social skills and peer relationships is major competence. Social skills must respect child’s culture. –Communication and literacy development Functional communication and emerging literacy are essential.

20. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) Constructing an appropriate curriculum –Physical development Daily opportunities are needed in gross and fine motor activities. –Aesthetic development Experiences in art and music should be available daily.

21. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) Assessing children’s learning and development –Assessing children to determine what to teach. –Further developmental domains. –NCLB requires assessment for documentation of learning.

22. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) Reciprocal relationships with parents –Establish regular communication Newsletters Weekly/daily notes

23. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight Creating a caring community of learners –Positive climates for learning. –Building democratic communities.

24. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Teaching to enhance development and learning –Student exploration and child-initiated inquiry. –Explicit academic instruction of basic skills. –Play. –Active learning.

25. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Constructing an appropriate curriculum –Establish a foundation for lifelong learning. –Promote self-esteem. –Develop confidence and independence.

26. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Integrated curriculum –Teach around themes, experiences, and projects that include a variety of skills. –Resist boundaries between academic areas.

27. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Guidance of social-emotional development –Peer relationships –Friendships –Self-control –Self-assessment –Problem solving

28. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Assessing learning and development –These should be contextually based and formative. –Evaluate mistakes as not what children do not know, but how they arrived at that answer. –Progress reports and portfolios are used. –Observation is key.

29. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) Reciprocal relationships with parents –Develop a good working relationship. –Publish newsletters, weekly reports. –Encourage parents to visit and volunteer in the classroom.