1. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 LHC Computing and Grids Frédéric Hemmer IT Deputy Department Head October 10, 2006 for the Ambassadors of the Latin American and Caribbean Countries visit

2. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 The accelerator generates 40 million particle collisions (events) every second at the centre of each of the four experiments’ detectors The LHC Accelerator

3. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 LHC DATA This is reduced by online computers that filter out a few hundred “good” events per sec. Which are recorded on disk and magnetic tape at 100-1,000 MegaBytes/sec ~15 PetaBytes per year for all four experiments

4. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 The LHC Data Challenge The accelerator will be completed in 2007 and run for 10-15 years Experiments will produce about 15 Million Gigabytes of data each year (about 20 million CDs!) LHC data analysis requires a computing power equivalent to ~100,000 of today's fastest PC processors Requires many cooperating computer centres, as CERN can only provide ~20% of the capacity

5. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 Solution: the Grid Use the Grid to unite computing resources of particle physics institutes around the world The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations The Grid is an infrastructure that provides seamless access to computing power and data storage capacity distributed over the globe

6. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 The Grid used by CERN and its partners The EGEE and OSG projects are the basis of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid Project

7. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 LCG Service Hierarchy Tier-0 – the accelerator centre Data acquisition & initial processing Long-term data curation  Data Distribution to Tier-1 centres Canada – Triumf (Vancouver) France – IN2P3 (Lyon) Germany –Karlsruhe Italy – CNAF (Bologna) Netherlands – NIKHEF/SARA (Amsterdam) Nordic countries – distributed Tier-1 Spain – PIC (Barcelona) Taiwan – Academia SInica (Taipei) UK – CLRC (Oxford) US – FermiLab (Illinois) – Brookhaven (NY) Tier-1 – “online” to the data acquisition process  high availability Managed Mass Storage –  grid-enabled data service  All re-processing passes Data-heavy analysis National, regional support Tier-2 – ~100 centres in ~40 countries Simulation End-user analysis – batch and interactive  Services, including Data Archive and Delivery, from Tier-1s

8. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 CPU DiskTape Distribution of Computing Services

9. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 The new European Network Backbone LCG working group with Tier-1s and national/ regional research network organisations New GÉANT 2 – research network backbone  Strong correlation with major European LHC centres Swiss PoP at CERN

10. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 LHC Computing Grid Project - a Collaboration The physicists and computing specialists from the LHC experiments The national and regional projects in Europe and the US that have been developing Grid middleware The regional and national computing centres that provide resources for LHC The research networks Researchers Computer Scientists & Software Engineers Service Providers Building and operating the LHC Grid – a global collaboration between

11. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 LCG has been the driving force for the European multi- science Grid EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE) EGEE is now a global effort, and the largest Grid infrastructure worldwide Co-funded by the European Commission (~130 M€ over 4 years) EGEE already used for >20 applications, including… Impact of the LHC Computing Grid in Europe Medical Imaging Education, Training Bio-informatics

12. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 The EGEE Project Infrastructure operation Currently includes >200 sites across 40 countries Continuous monitoring of grid services & automated site configuration/management http://gridportal.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/rtm/launch_frame.html Middleware Production quality middleware distributed under business friendly open source licence User Support - Managed process from first contact through to production usage Training Documentation Expertise in grid-enabling applications Online helpdesk Networking events (User Forum, Conferences etc.) Interoperability Expanding interoperability with related infrastructures

13. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 EGEE: > 180 sites, 40 countries > 24,000 processors, ~ 5 PB storage EGEE Grid Sites : Q1 2006 sites CPU EGEE: Steady growth over the lifetime of the project

14. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 Applications on EGEE More than 20 applications from 7 domains Astrophysics MAGIC, Planck Computational Chemistry Earth Sciences Earth Observation, Solid Earth Physics, Hydrology, Climate Financial Simulation E-GRID Fusion Geophysics EGEODE High Energy Physics 4 LHC experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) BaBar, CDF, DØ, ZEUS Life Sciences Bioinformatics (Drug Discovery, GPS@, Xmipp_MLrefine, etc.) Medical imaging (GATE, CDSS, gPTM3D, SiMRI 3D, etc.) Multimedia Material Sciences …

15. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 Example: EGEE Attacks Avian Flu EGEE used to analyse 300,000 possible potential drug compounds against bird flu virus, H5N1. 2000 computers at 60 computer centres in Europe, Russia, Taiwan, Israel ran during four weeks in April - the equivalent of 100 years on a single computer. Potential drug compounds now being identified and ranked Neuraminidase, one of the two major surface proteins of influenza viruses, facilitating the release of virions from infected cells. Image Courtesy Ying-Ta Wu, AcademiaSinica.

16. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 Example: Geocluster industrial application The first industrial application successfully running on EGEE Developed by the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG) in France, doing geophysical simulations for oil, gas, mining and environmental industries. EGEE technology helps CGG to federate its computing resources around the globe.

17. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 EU projects related to EGEE

18. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006 Evolution EGEE EGEE-II EDG EGEE-III European e-Infrastructure Coordination Testbeds Utility Service Routine Usage

19. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT DepartmentThe LHC Computing Grid – October 2006