1. New Marking and Monitoring Techniques for Fish BPA Project 198331900 Presenter: Sandra L. Downing (NMFS - NWFSC) New name: Development and Evaluation of Fish-Tracking Technologies

2. FY03-FY05 MAIN OBJECTIVES To upgrade the PIT-tag transceiver To develop and evaluate a PIT-tag interrogation system for the corner collector at Bonneville Dam To continue the development of in-stream PIT-tag interrogation systems

3. To upgrade the PIT-tag transceiver 2002 Version would not work for In-stream applications It could not auto-tune or multiplex (switch among multiple antennas) Future unknown applications Assumed many of these would include large or multiple antennas Why needed? Corner-collector application It could not handle an antenna that size (too noisy internally and not enough power)

4. To upgrade the PIT-tag transceiver Upgraded CPU processor Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Ability to multiplex antennas Auto-tune each antenna Significant power reduction Wish list

5. Interim PIT-tag transceivers MUX transceiver Vertical-slot transceiver2002 Version

6. Corner-collector G2 transceiver First G2 transceiver

7. Future Prototype In-stream G2-transceiver

8. To develop and evaluate a PIT-tag interrogation system for the corner collector at Bonneville Dam Why needed? ISRP: A PIT-tag interrogation system for the corner collector is critically needed to yield more accurate survival estimates (e.g., Bonneville to Bonneville and Bonneville to Lower Granite SARs).

9. Minimum antenna size required: 16 x 16 (i.e., HUGE) To get there, Digital Angel needed to design New antenna system New transceiver – just covered New tag PIT-tag system for the corner collector

12. First antenna design Balanced double antenna Antenna wires embedded so would not move Separate excitation and receive antennas

13. Problems occurred during fiberglass fabrication First antenna design Schedule was driving project

14. Ran multiple tests to learn what went wrong with first antenna design First antenna design Serious problems became apparent after water was accidentally added to test facility

15. New antenna design Single antenna (3 coils) for both excitation and receive Removable slot design Flexibility to adjust coil windings if necessary Air gap around antenna wires (final size 17 x 17) Housing: copolymer polypropylene thermoplastic material

16. Polypropylene material, hatches so could adjust antenna cables if necessary Antenna delivered in February 2006

17. Wrapping antenna

18. The BIG Install (24 March 2006)

19. Development of new 12-mm PIT tags BE SST ST SGL

20. Improvement: ~20% over ST~10% over SGL ~30% over ST Relative performance of different PIT-tag models

21. April 2006 will be first time electronic and fish tests can be conducted that will determine if all of these developments have produced a PIT-tag detection system that will work in the corner- collector flume

22. Continue the development of PIT-tag in-stream interrogation systems Yet, no PIT-tag technologies existed that could work Why needed? Researchers wanted to conduct research in streams to determine Over-winter behavior Survival estimates Migration patterns, behavior

23. Available PIT-tag technologies were inadequate 2 x 6 Largest antenna size (pretty small stream) No grid power in many locations 2002 Transceiver could only power one antenna, operate on AC, and would need maintenance attention whenever environmental conditions changed

24. Rattlesnake Creek 2 transceivers 2 antennas (2 x 6) 2002 install AC power

26. Multiple antennas ( 6) driven by 1 transceiver New MUX transceiver Auto-tune each antenna

27. Largest installed antenna is 3X larger than in 2002 (19 x 2.5 opening) 2005 install

28. Independent Power Systems

29. Battery bank Low budget, but high maintenance

30. Big footprint, but low maintenance Solar system

31. Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) Small footprint Low maintenance

32. Prototype oxygen cell Will use flowing stream to power cell

33. Goal – independent systems for remote locations Battery – 1 week TEG – 1-2 months Solar system – most of a season Power Systems Oxygen cell – most of a season

34. PIT-tag in-stream interrogation systems Because of these developments, many key in-stream projects are now possible 20022005 2 sites> 30 sites

35. Summary of Project Accomplishments for the last 3 - 4 years Antennas Size increased from 2 by 6 to 3 by 20 (17 x 17) Tags Latest tag model has a 30% longer read range Transceivers Different models for different applications Power systems Several independent or off-grid systems now available