1. EARLY MAN to First Civilizations
Paleolithic Period and Neolithic Period

2. The Paleolithic Period 2
The Paleolithic Period 2.5 Million BCE to BCE ish (Before the Common Era)
Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, & the Americas
Used fire in new ways
Used wider range of tools
Humans were hunter – gatherers
(1 square mile needed to support two people
Economic structures focused on kinship groups (family and clan)

3. Archeologists interpret remains to describe early man.

4. The “Ice Man”

5. The Ice Man?

6. Due Tomorrow: Read the “Iceman” article by Leon Jaroff –from my website-- & write responses to the following questions in your notebook.
1. Who wrote the source? When? Who is the intended audience?
2. What are the beliefs about early man that the Iceman changed?
3. What is the main idea or thesis of this article?
4. Jaroff gives some explanations for the tattoos on the prehistoric man. What are several other possible explanations for the tattoos purpose or location?
5. Give characteristics or elements of this article that make the article seem reliable as a source.

8. Mesoamerica
Andes
Amazonia
Eastern North America
New Guinea
China
Ethiopia
West
Africa
Fertile Crescent
In response to warming climates, from about 10,000 years ago, SETTLED AGRICULTURE appeared in a number of places..
Nile valley

9. Settled Agriculture led to what is called the Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution is the period known for changes in human societies caused by agriculture and pastoralism (herding of animals)

10. How did people learn to farm and domesticate animals?

11. The Neolithic Revolution transformed societies
Changes to the environment
Increased population
More complex economies and social systems
Patriarchy & forced labor systems
Specialization of labor (including artisans & warriors)
More hierarchical social structures (elites and commoners)

12. - Improvements in agricultural production, trade, & transportation
Plows
Pottery
Wheeled vehicles
Metallurgy
Woven textiles

13. Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Population
Intensification
Surplus Food
Specialization
Complex Society,
also known as
CIVILIZATION

15. Elements of civilization include:
1) Cities
Mohenjo Daro
It’s the
law
2) Central governments
And Law codes
Hammurabi’s
Law Code
Pharaohs

16. 4) Highly organized religions
Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central governments
and law codes
3) Writing and
record keeping
Can you identify
the society
represented
by each of these two
writing samples?
4) Highly organized religions

17. Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central Governments and law codes
5) Specialized Jobs
3) Writing and record keeping
4) Highly organized religion
Full-time monk
6) Social Classes
Assyrian slaves
In Egypt

18. Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central governments and law codes
7) Complex Technologies
3) Writing and record keeping
4) Highly organized religion
Chariot
5) Specialized jobs
6) Social classes
Bronze Sword

19. Early River Valley Civilizations

20. Is civilization more “civilized”?
Agricultural settlements led to achievements, but also. . .
Population increases
Stronger Patriarchy & Slavery
Rigid social classes
War
Increased dependence on agriculture

21. So . . .
If a society is not a “civilization,” with cities, complex institutions and record keeping, what is that society?
Barbarian?
Uncivilized?
Outsiders?
Backward or Unimportant?
How that society is described depends on the INTERPRETATION of the archeologist and/or historian!