1. 4.3 Conservation of biodiversity

2. Arguments for preserving species Ethical Aesthetic Genetic Resources Commercial Life Support/ecosystem support functions

3. Ethical Has intrinsic (essential) value Right to exist Human have stewardship over the Earth

4. Aesthetic (Visual) Recreation Spiritual Educational

5. Genetic Resource Diversity of gene pool Ensures future variety of life Needed for stable ecosystems (disease/natural selection)

6. Commercial Food, Industry, lumber, rubber, oil… Medicines ($100 billion/year) Ecotourism

7. Life Support Nutrient cycling Water Purification Pollination CO 2 Removal Flood Control

8. UNEP United nations environmental program Provide leadership and partnerships worldwide

9. WWF World Wildlife Fund Independent conservation organization Draw attention to major issues and influence policy and decision making 252 million dollars in 1995

10. Greenpeace Independent campaigning organization Non-violent, creative, confrontation Draw attention through issues by “bearing witness”

11. Ecoterrorists Greatest terrorist threat to our country Animal Liberation Front (ALF) Earth Liberation Front (ELF) Arsons, bombings, vandalism and harassment

12. Greenpeace protests

13. Key Terms Corridors- Strips of land that link reserves together Ecotone- where two habitats meet near a boundary Edge effect- occurs at ecotones because more species are present from the two habitats (increased resources)

14. Ecotone (marsh/mangrove) Edge Effect: More Species Can Be found here at the ecotone!

15. Criteria used to Design protected areas Size: – How large should area be? – One large or many small areas? – How many individuals must be protected? – Reduce Edge Effect Shape: What is the best shape? Proximity: How close together? Corridors: Reserves Joined or separated?

16. Corridor in Wildlife Reserve

17. Wildlife Reserves Design

19. CITES Conservation of International trade in endangered species (CITES) Reduced trade in endangered species – Appendix I: cannot be traded threatened with extinction – Appendix II: can be traded but with strict regulation – Appendix III: Included at request of country to help regulate illegal exploitation

20. Species based approach to conservation StrengthsWeaknesses Focus on 1 at a timeSpecies do not exist in isolation Media- High profile species captures attention Media doesn’t like unglamorous organisms More researchResearch needs the context of whole environment Focus on species diversityIgnores community and ecosystem biodiversity Breeding, reintroduction, zoo programsDoesn’t ensure protection of habitat Only need key speciesHow do you decide on key species?