1. Writing concise sentences

2. Concise sentences Redundancy and Redundancy – 12 p.m. noon, end result, advance planning, true facts, successful achievements Cut out useless introductory phrases – With reference to your question, I think we should go on Thursday. – It seems unnecessary to point out that it is now raining.

3. Concise sentences Reduce clauses to phrases – The University of Arkansas, which was founded in 1871, is the state’s flagship campus. – Founded in 1871, the University of Arkansas is the state’s flagship campus. Reduce phrases to single words – Citizens who knew what was going on voted him out of office. – Knowledgeable citizens voted him out of office.

4. Concise sentences Circumlocution or “talking around” – in (the) possession of has, have – ahead of scheduleearly – give rise tocause – during the time thatwhile – in the event thatif – in this day and agetoday – the reason why is thatbecause – this is a topic thatthis topic

5. Concise sentence exercise Avoid expletive constructions – It is to be expected that politicians are wordy. Politicians are expected to be wordy. – There are some writers who cannot help being wordy. Some writers cannot help being wordy. Eliminate Clichés – Dog-eat-dog world (competitive) – busy as a bee (busy)

6. Concise sentences Avoid using ‘that’ when possible – Here’s the shirt (that) I just bought. – I believe (that) I will learn a lot in this class. – We thought (that) the game started at 2 p.m. – Grammar is one subject (that) I need to study.