2. It isn’t a good idea to write academic essays in a casual style. Serious Voice If all you have ever been exposed to is movies, TV, magazines etc, then your formal style may not be very well developed. Don’t write like you speak.

3. Most students don’t read formal writing. Select books that challenge you. Read, Read, Read….. The more difficult a text is, the more it will help you write in a formal style. When you read challenging books, you get used to the language and difficulty level. It will show up in your writing. Why?

4. Use First person for personal journal entries or creative writing stories but avoid it for formal or academic writing. Especially avoid phrases like “In my opinion” or “In this essay I will…” No First Person Do not address the reader directly as “you” or “your.” No second person

5. Try to keep personal bias out of your essays. Don’t show strong disapproval or approval in your essay. Keep personal opinions out. When you talk about MLK’s amazing “I have a Dream” speech, you have injected your personal opinion into the essay. Avoid emotional Language.

6. Avoid emotion, unnecessary humor, and exclamation points!!! Too much emotion can add bias to your writing. Use facts and logic to develop your ideas. Let the reader decide how they feel about your topic. No First Person Slippery Slope Poisoning the Well Circular Reasoning Avoid Logical Fallacies such as:

7. Try to avoid phrases like, “Edgar Allen Poe was a talented guy” or “Osama bin Laden was a jerk.” Use “author” or “criminal.” Avoid Slang Avoid using words like “cool” “stuff” or “awesome” to describe. Formal language commands respect. Be specific with language.

8. Writing that uses clichés comes across as tiresome and uninteresting. Too many common metaphors or similes can make writing seem unoriginal. Avoid Clichés Use a website like Cliché Finder to check for possible clichés. Don’t be as slow as molasses to avoid clichés like the plague! Clean as a whistle!

9. Active voice is used for most essay writing. Using active voice makes the meaning clear for readers, and keeps the sentences from becoming too complicated or wordy. Avoid Passive Voice Passive: The weather was rainy last week. Active: It rained last week. Eliminate: is, are, was, were, be, being,been.

10. During conversations, people use contractions such as don’t, doesn’t, can’t, it’s and could’ve all the time. Never use contractions when writing a formal essay. Avoid Contractions Contractions often hide passive voice. The contraction it’s is actually it is. Place to hide passive voice.

11. Sentence fragments are an incomplete sentence or dependent clause. They usually can’t stand on their own and need the sentences around them to make sense. For example: Although we had a great time. (this sentence doesn’t complete a thought.) Avoid Sentence Fragments Temperatures will soar today, put on some sunscreen. Temperatures will soar today, so put on some sunscreen. Avoid Run-On Sentences

12. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ owl/resource/539/01/ http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/ grammar/runons.htm Works Cited