2. CCOT Overview CCOT = Comparison of time periods = Continuities & Changes = Major Theme of Historical Analysis = Cause & Effect essay

3. Read the ? Carefully Determine: theme, areas, and time periods to compare Be flexible in your organization: geographic region PERSIA categories, changes & continuities chronologically

4. 3 Parts: Introduction Body Conclusion

5. 1.Answer the prompt ; don’t just re-state it 2.Be specific – state the specific changes and continuities that occurred over the time period 3.Give the specific dates that they are asking you to discuss 4.Support your thesis with accurate historical evidence; 5. Show CCOT using relevant historical facts; contrast this with the starting date and what stayed the same 6. Answer All parts of the question 7. Analyze the process of CCOT and explain how and why it occurrs

6. Analyze at least 1 reason for a change or continuity for each country or time period the prompt specifies Don’t just describe the change, spend some time explaining why the change/continuity occurred  Most effective if you use a cause & effect chain  “________ occurred because. ____ is significant because ….” Support the thesis with relevant historical facts Contrast change against either the starting point or something that didn’t change

7. If you have questions with multiple themes or geographic areas, you will also need to complete a chart for each area Actually doing a compare/contrast & CCOT essay Use the time periods as your organizing principle

8. NAME: _____________________________________________________ PERIOD: _______ DATE: ________________ CHART: CHANGE OVER TIME COMPARISON THEMES (SCRIPTED):________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________ TIME PERIODS: _____________________ _______________________ ________________________ THESIS BEGINNING TIME PERIOD Describe First Theme Describe Second Theme Describe Third Theme Comparison to Wider World INTERIM TIME PERIOD Key Changes and/or Continuities in each theme from previous period Analyze the reasons for change or continuity Comparison to Wider World END TIME PERIOD Key Changes and/or Continuities in each theme from previous periods Analyze the reasons for change or continuity Comparison to Wider World CONCLUSION

9.  Paragraph 2 = A whole paragraph of 3-4 sentences Strongest Argument + Support  Paragraph 3 = A whole paragraph of 3-4 sentences 2 nd Best Argument + Support  Paragraph 4 = A whole paragraph of 3-4 sentences Weakest Argument + support

10. Thesis must address ALL 3 pieces of info Note both changes & continuities = what remains the same? what changes?

11. ++ +

12. Analyze BOTH differences & similarities

13. Connect the paper to the larger global process  specifically link the changes & continuities in the region discussed to a change somewhere else

14. Industrialization CCOT Directions : You are to answer the following question: You should spend five minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence Addresses all parts of the question Uses historical context to show change over time and/or continuities Analyzes the process of change over time and/or continuity Describe and analyze the impact of industrialization from 1750 to 1914 on ONE of the following countries. Be sure to discuss continuities as well as changes. United Kingdom China Japan Russia Ottoman Empire

15. Practice CCOT Prompt: Trace the social, political, & economic changes in Latin America from the Early Modern (1450-1750) to Modern Era (1750-1914)

16. Thesis 3 Body Paragraphs  1 for each tm pd  topic sentences for each paragraph  connectors to explain change/continuity Conclusion

17. Sample Continuity-Change-Over-Time Essay: Directions: You are to answer the following question. In writing your essay, you should use the first 5 minutes planning your essay. Your essay should: Have a relevant thesis supported by appropriate historical evidence. Answer all parts of the question. Use historical context to show change and/or continuity over time Explain how the globalization of commerce brought about major changes over time among the peoples of two of the regions listed below between 1450 and 1750. Note major developments, exchanges, shifts of power, and demographic changes. Eurasia Africa The Americas

18. Major Developments: You might include the following topics in your discussion about the globalization of commerce between 1450-1750 Scientific Revolution Acceleration of change, cultural diffusion Columbian Exchange Transoceanic linking of major regions Shift in trade routes from the Mediterranean to Atlantic Globalization of trade Spanish conquer/colonize Central/South America

19. British in North America Dutch & Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and island nations Global demand for Asian goods Global demand for African slaves Capitalism emerges as dominant system for Organizing labor Production Trade Urbanization

20. Exchanges Europe to Americas: slavery, plantation system Disease Genocide Plants: wheat, melons, grapes Animals: cattle, pigs, goats, chickens, donkeys, horses Western clothing Carpentry, locksmithing Wheeled vehicles Organized education Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism Spanish, Portuguese, & English language and culture predominated

21. Africa to Americas Plants: bananas, coconut palms, coffee, sugar cane, okra Farming methods Cooking styles Ironworking African languages and culture Americas to Europe Gold Silver Other jewels Plants: corn, beans, squash, tomato, chocolate

22. Europe to Asia Cartography Astronomy Mathematics Plants: corn, potatoes from Andes Mts. Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism Asia to Europe Guns Gunpowder Silk Porcelain Metalwork Block printing Paper

23. Shifts of Power Spain = most powerful European country Conquered/colonized Americas Seized Philippines (link to Asia) Gold and silver from the Americas disrupted the economy, price revolution Portuguese power declined globally Chinese Ming Dynasty’s power declined Qing Dynasty’s power rose

24. French power declines in India Africa North America African power declined = negative effects of the slave trade British power rose in India Africa European competition in the Caribbean, North America, & Africa Dutch French Spanish English

25. Demographics Slave trade ravages African populations Enslaved Africans transported to Americas Catastrophic decline of Native Americans Genocide Enslaved Disease Migration of Europeans to Americas Global population increases Agricultural Revolution, higher food production Better crops More known about disease

26. Other Points to Consider Mercantilism Mother country must export more than it imports Colonies provide Resources Raw materials Markets for goods exported from the mother country European effort to control & manage Regulation of trade Selling of trade monopolies Establishment of protective tariffs

27. Economic Changes in Europe Upsurge in prices (price revolution) Population increase Greater demand for goods More need for services Urbanization Rise of modern capitalism