4. Thalamus The thalamus (from GREEK = bedroom, chamber)
Functionally considered as the great sensory gateway to the cerebral cortex

6. Functions of Thalamus
Sensory integration and relay station for all the sensory pathways
Except Olfactory
Recognition of crude pain
Temperature & touch

7. Influences voluntary movements by receiving impulses from
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Participates in maintenance of state of wakefulness & alertness through RAS
Role in emotions & recent memory

9. Brain stem
The brain stem is the lower part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
Parts of brain stem:
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain

11. Pons Relays sensory information between the cerebellum and cerebrum.
Control of respiration:
The apneustic center - lower pons
The pneumotaxic center - upper pons

12. A number of cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons (from top to bottom):
The trigeminal nerve, abducen nucleus, vestibulocochlear nuclei, facial nerve nucleus

14. Medulla oblongata Function: controls autonomic functions: Respiration
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Reflex arcs
Vomiting

15. Relays nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord
Cranial nerve nuclei:
The hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal and
Vagus nerves.

17. Reticular formation Diffuse network of fibers
Control physical behaviors
Sleep
Fatigue
Motivation to perform various activities, walking, eating, urination

19. spinal cord

21. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain
Enclosed in and protected by the bony Vertebral column Main function

22. Transmission of neural inputs between the periphery and the brain
Transmission of neural inputs between the periphery and the brain. The peripheral regions of the spinal cord contains neuronal white matter tracts containing sensory and motor neurons. The central region is gray matter that contains nerve cell bodies.

24. The spinal cord is divided into 31 different segments:
8 cervical segments
12 thoracic segments
5 lumbar segments
5 sacral segments
1 coccygeal segment

25. Connections between brain and spinal cord
The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord.