1. Ch 7.2 Cell Structure

2. How is a cell organized?
All Eukaryotic (Animal/Plant) cells have 3 main parts:
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane

3. Organelles
- Literally means “tiny organs” - Are membrane-bound compartments - Have specialized jobs in a cell - Can be compared to the machines in a factory

4. Nucleus Is the control center of a cell Contains a cell’s DNA
DNA in the form of chromatin
DNA bound to proteins
Sends coded instructions for making proteins and other molecules

5. Nuclear Envelope
- A two-layer membrane - Covers and protects the contents of the nucleus

6. Nuclear Pores
- Small holes in the nuclear membrane - Allow molecules in and out of the nucleus

7. Nucleolus
- Where ribosomes are assembled

8. Building Proteins

9. Ribosomes
- Build proteins - Use instructions that come from DNA

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Where lipids and proteins are assembled and transported
Rough ER
Covered in ribosomes = “rough”
Synthesize proteins
Smooth ER
No ribosomes = “smooth”
Synthesize lipids
Detoxify drugs

11. Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins from ER
Give proteins an “address tag”
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials
Sends proteins to final destination

13. Storing and Cleaning Up
Vacuoles and Vesicles
Vacuoles store water, salts, proteins, and carbs
Vesicles store and move materials between organelles
Lysosomes
Filled with enzymes
Breakdown lipids, carbs, and proteins, and other organelles
Remove “junk” from cell

14. Providing Support and Structure
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape
Helps with cell movement
Consists of Microfilaments and Microtubules
Microtubules help form centrioles, cilia, & flagella

15. Providing Support and Structure
Centrioles
Located near the nucleus
Help organize cell division
Only found in animal cells
Cilia and Flagella
Extend out from the cell surface
Help cells to swim through liquid

16. How do cells get their energy?

18. Chloroplasts - Perform photosynthesis
Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food (sugars)

19. Mitochondria - Perform cellular respiration
Convert the chemical energy in food into cellular energy (ATP)

20. Cell Wall Strong, supportive layer that surrounds plant cells
Made of cellulose
Also found in prokaryotes, but theirs is not made of cellulose
Allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and most nutrients to pass through

21. Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Protects and supports the cell
Is made of a double layer of lipids called a lipid bilayer

22. Lipids in the Membrane - Have regions that are hydrophilic
“love” water
Have regions that are hydrophobic
“fear” water
Hydrophilic parts face the water and the hydrophobic parts face away from it
Make the membrane selectively permeable
Some things can cross it, but others can’t

23. Fluid Mosaic Model
Proteins, carbs, and other molecules are embedded in the lipid bilayer
This makes the membrane look like a mosaic
Since molecules can float and move in the membrane, it acts like a fluid

24. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
- Have cell walls - Have chloroplasts
No cell walls
No chloroplasts

25. Cell Song-Counting Stars
Cell Rap
Cell Song-Sails
Cell Song-Counting Stars