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Cells
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The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in He looked at thin slices of cork through a light microscope.
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Cell Theory Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells arise from existing cells
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Prokaryotic Cells Very simple Always unicellular
No membrane-bound nucleus (That means there is not a membrane around the DNA) No membrane-bound organelles Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
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Eukaryotic Cells Complex Cell Structure Membrane-bound nucleus
Membrane-bound Organelles Plants & animals
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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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Inside the cells are organelles
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Organelles Found In BOTH plant and animal cells:
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Nucleus Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane
Contains DNA Controls cell functions
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Nucleus
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Nucleus
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Nucleolus Located in the nucleus Synthesizes ribosomes
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Nucleolus
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Nucleolus
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Ribosomes Protein Synthesis Made of protein and RNA
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Ribosomes
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membrane where chemical reactions take place. Rough ER – covered with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis. Located next to the nucleus. Smooth ER – not covered with ribosomes. Site of lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough ER
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Mitochondria Converts stored energy (ATP) into cellular energy
Has it’s own DNA
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Mitochondria
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Mitochondria
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Golgi Apparatus Stores macromolecules until they are needed
by the cell.
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Golgi Apparatus (AKA Golgi Complex, Golgi Bodies)
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cytoskeleton Network of protein fibers Helps give the cell structure.
Involved in transport of organelles around the cell
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Cytoskeleton
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Cytoskeleton
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Cell membrane Double layer of phospholipids
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
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Cell Membrane Also called plasma membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell Made of a phospholipid bilayer Hydrophilic heads face out Hydrophobic tails face in
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Cell membrane
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Organelles Found ONLY In plant cells:
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Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts
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Cell Wall Gives the cell structure and support
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Central Vacuole Often the largest structure in a plant cell
Contains water and organics Helps keep the cell rigid (maintains turgor pressure)
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Central Vacuole
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Organelles Found ONLY In animal cells:
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Centrioles Involved in cell division
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Centrioles
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Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes.
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Structures used by unicellular organisms for movement:
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Cilia
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Lung Tissue
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Flagella
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RIBOSOME ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRIA GOLGI APPARATUS SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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