1. World Regional Geography February 8, 2010 Reading: Marston Chapter 3 pages 108-142 Goode’s World Atlas pages 180-188 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka Peninsula

2. Russian Political Subdivisions Oblasts (46)Oblasts (46) Republics (21)Republics (21) Autonomous Oblasts (1)Autonomous Oblasts (1) Autonomous Okrugs (4)Autonomous Okrugs (4) Krais (9)Krais (9) Federal Cities (2)Federal Cities (2)

3. Population Density West / Southwest West / Southwest Moscow / St. Petersburg Moscow / St. Petersburg

4. Population Characteristics RegionPopulation(Millions) Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Increase (%) Net Migration Rate Projected Pop. Change (2050) Russia1421215-0.32-18% RegionIMRTFR % Pop <15 % Pop >65 Life Expectancy MaleFemaleRussia91.51514686174 Region HIV/AIDS % % Urban GNI PPP (US$)Russia1.17315,630

5. Natural Population Change

6. Net Migration

7. Life Expectancy

8. Population Pyramid Male/Female differencesMale/Female differences World War IIWorld War II Post U.S.S.R. trendsPost U.S.S.R. trends

9. Regional Population Change

10. Out-migrationOut-migration Late 19 th centuryLate 19 th century Bolshevik RevolutionBolshevik Revolution Internal migrationInternal migration Soviet era – people encouraged to spread out across the empire for economic and cultural reasons.Soviet era – people encouraged to spread out across the empire for economic and cultural reasons. Return migrationReturn migration 25 million Russians in the former Soviet republics (1989).25 million Russians in the former Soviet republics (1989). Brain-drainBrain-drain Many of Russia’s most educated are leaving.Many of Russia’s most educated are leaving. Russian Migration

11. % Russian Ethnicity

12. Culture & Ethnicity

13. 92 distinct ethnic groups.92 distinct ethnic groups. Western Russia: primarily Slavic peoples.Western Russia: primarily Slavic peoples. Central/Eastern Russia: Turkic, SlavicCentral/Eastern Russia: Turkic, Slavic Culture & Ethnicity

14. Russian Expansion Contiguous territorial expansion.Contiguous territorial expansion. Land/subjects for economic purposes.Land/subjects for economic purposes. Warm-water port.Warm-water port. Protection.Protection.

15. The Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R. Socialist (Bolshevik) revolution.Socialist (Bolshevik) revolution. Tsarist agricultural / industrial policy.Tsarist agricultural / industrial policy. Lenin’s vision.Lenin’s vision. Egalitarian philosophy.Egalitarian philosophy. Equal rights for all nations.Equal rights for all nations. Soviet Socialist Republics.Soviet Socialist Republics. Federal system.Federal system. Stalin’s Russia.Stalin’s Russia. United Soviet identity.United Soviet identity. Suppression of national identities.Suppression of national identities. Expansion (WWII)Expansion (WWII)

16. Satellites States / The Iron Curtain

17. The Soviet Empire / U.S.S.R. State socialismState socialism HousingHousing Social planningSocial planning CollectivizationCollectivization State ownership of economic apparatus.State ownership of economic apparatus. Command economy & central planning.Command economy & central planning. Industrialization & GrowthIndustrialization & Growth Territorial production complexes.Territorial production complexes. What was the impetus for growth?What was the impetus for growth? “Secret cities” and grand schemes.“Secret cities” and grand schemes. Soviet success.Soviet success.

18. Cold War / End of the Empire 1950 - 19891950 - 1989 Cold War dominates international politicsCold War dominates international politics U.S.S.R. represents alternative to capitalismU.S.S.R. represents alternative to capitalism End of the EmpireEnd of the Empire Economic stagnationEconomic stagnation Failure to deliver consumer goodsFailure to deliver consumer goods Spread of informationSpread of information Regional inequalitiesRegional inequalities