1. SAFETY OBJECTIVE
Without reference, identify basic facts about hospital safety practices pertaining to biological, chemical and fire hazards with at least 70 percent accuracy.

2. FIRE SAFETY Fire Behavior Fire Triangle Items required to
Support combustion
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Remove any one item and the fire goes out

3. FIRE SAFETY Fire Types Type A Type B Type C Type D Flammable solids
Flammable liquids
Type C
Energized electronics
Type D
Flammable metals

4. FIRE SAFETY Types of Fire Extinguishers Water Carbon Dioxide
Known as APW (Air Pressurized Water) extinguishers
Used on type “A” fires only
Carbon Dioxide
Filled with carbon dioxide gas
Used for class B and C fires only

5. FIRE SAFETY Dry Chemical Usually designed for class ABC fires
Also called ABC extinguishers
Most common type

6. CHEMICAL SAFETY Chemical forms and exposure hazards
All chemicals exist in 3 basic forms:
Solid - dust and fumes
Liquid - vapors and mist
Gas

7. CHEMICAL SAFETY Exposure routes Hazards Breathing/inhalation
Physical - cause explosion, fires, violent chemical reactions or other hazardous situations
Health - cause illness or injury when inhaled or swallowed, or contact with the eyes or skin
Exposure routes
Breathing/inhalation
Skin/eye contact
Skin absorption
Swallowing/ingestion

8. CHEMICAL SAFETY Degree of hazard depends upon:
Toxicity of the chemical - low, medium, high
Exposure route - more toxic by one route than another
Dosage - how much, long, often for exposures
Individual differences
Work practices
Age and size
General physical and emotional health
Allergies and sensitivities
Level of exertion

9. CHEMICAL SAFETY Types of physical and health hazards Physical Hazards
Compressed gases
Explosives
Fire hazards
Pyrophorics - ignite in air below 130° F
Flammable liquids - ignite below 100° F
Combustible liquids - ignite between ° F
Oxidizers - supply the O2 required to start or support a fire

10. CHEMICAL SAFETY Unstable/reactive chemicals Health Hazards
Decomposition hazards - easily break up into simpler substances
Polymerization hazards – self react, causing heat
Water reactive - react violently with water
Health Hazards
Irritants - cause redness/itching
Corrosives- eat away flesh
Cryogenics - freeze tissue

11. CHEMICAL SAFETY Organ/system specific Reproductive hazards
Mutagens - damage genes in egg or sperm cells
Teratogens - damage fetus during development
Sensitizers - cause allergic-like responses
Carcinogen - cause cancer

12. CHEMICAL SAFETY Controlling Chemical Hazards Engineering Controls
Substitution - steam instead of solvent
Isolation
General ventilation
Local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Protective gloves and clothing
Eye and face protection
Air purifying respirators
Air supplied respirators

13. CHEMICAL SAFETY Administrative Controls
Documentation, information, training
Work practices
Housekeeping
Monitoring - check effectiveness of other controls

14. CHEMICAL SAFETY Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Must contain
Name, address, phone number of company
Name of chemical material as it appears on the warning label
Health hazards of the chemical including signs and symptoms of exposure
precautions for safe handling and use
Any applicable control measures

15. CHEMICAL SAFETY Labels and Hazardous Chemical Inventory
HAZCOM standard requires the use of labels that include
Name and identity of the chemical that matches the inventory and MSDS
All appropriate hazard warnings
Transport containers that are filled and emptied in the same shift do not need labels

16. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY Hospital infection control procedures must cover:
Equipment
Personnel
Work Site and Tools
Equipment general precautions
Equipment will be cleaned by USER prior to being accepted for maintenance, especially:
Equipment that is contaminated with body fluids
Equipment used in isolation rooms

17. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Items that cannot be properly cleaned before turn in, i.e. internal spills, will be disassembled and cleaned using personal protective equipment
Areas within the hospital that merit more stringent equipment precautions
Laboratory
Surgery
Laminar Flow Hoods

18. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Includes: Gloves
Mask
Scrubs
Eye shields
Wash hands before and after use
Disposable
Ensure no skin is exposed

19. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY Protective apparel Work site
Disposable coverall or a solid front gown
Long sleeves and tight fitting cuffs
Not worn outside work area
Changed immediately if Contaminated
Shoe and hair covers
Work site
Work area should have eyewash fountain or sink and appropriate first aid equipment if hazardous materials are present or used

20. BIOLOGICAL SAFETY Tools Ensure tools are in good repair
Clean tools after use, especially when working on contaminated or equipment suspected of contamination
No eating at bench while performing repair
Report any mishaps immediately