1. CEOS Constellations Systems Engineering Office (SEO) Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) Workshop Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany October 18, 2007
Need decisions on what is Level 1 for the system to be engineered
Need a decision on the products for this year
Limited funding implies difficult decisions
And SE provides informed, defendable decisions
Steve Sandford
Brian Killough

2. Background
68 member countries
Created in members + 20 associates
CEOS recommended 4 constellation studies in late-2005 to bring about technical and scientific cooperation and collaboration among space agencies that meet GEO objectives and also support national priorities. The formal work plans for each constellation team was approved in late-2006.
Atmospheric Composition (NASA)
Precipitation (NASA/JAXA)
Ocean Surface Topography (NOAA/EUMETSAT)
Land Surface Imaging (USGS)

3. CEOS Systems Engineering
CEOS-Plenary 2006 NASA HQ volunteered to provide Systems Engineering support to CEOS. NASA LaRC was asked to lead the systems engineering effort in early The CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) was established in April 2007 to support the CEOS SIT and the Constellation Teams.
SEO Charter - science and engineering framework - requirements definition - mission assessment - constellation architecture planning - foster communication within CEOS - provide decision support tools
Provide cross-Cx communications, consistency, best practices, etc.;
Report to CEOS SIT/SEC
Provide each Cx system engineering support;
Report to Cx leads

4. SEO Charter and Benefits
Provide systems level guidance and recommendations for how to effectively and efficiently achieve the space segment of GEOSS.
Provide engineering support for CEOS Virtual Constellation teams and Working Groups.
Facilitate requirements definition, mission assessment and constellation planning among the international CEOS members.
SEO Benefits
SEO fosters communications among CEOS partners, Constellation teams and Working Groups to enhance benefits.
SEO provides a systems engineering leadership role for CEOS with the ability to respond to the needs of the CEOS in a collaborative manner.
SEO provides a framework for a coherent science and engineering plan that is supported by the entire international community.
SEO plans to provide decision support tools for constellation trade studies and the assessment of execution options.

5. An Organizational Construct for GEOSS
Societal Link
DRIVERS
Taxonomy
GEOSS Agents
Governments
General Public
Societal Benefits
GEO
Societal Benefits
Space, Land, Ocean
Decision Makers
Space Segment ONLY
Virtual Constellations (4)
Sys.Eng.Office (SEO)
Working Groups (3)
Operational Agencies
Policy Agencies
Useful Products
Information
CEOS Organization
SBA Assessment
Taxonomy
Overlap, Missing Data
Impact
Optimization
SEO
Academia
Research Agencies
Science Questions
Knowledge and Models
Virtual Constellations Land Imaging Ocean Topography Atmos Composition Global Precipitation
Working Groups Info.Sys.& Services Calib. / Valid. Education
Industry
Space Agencies
Measurable Parameters
Measurements
GEOSS Implementation
Space Agencies
Space Agencies
Mission Constraints
Missions

6. Requirements Assessment Architecture Planning
GEOSS Requirements Taxonomy
Decision Makers
Decision Makers: Individuals and groups that use informational products for decisions focused on societal benefit. Examples: governmental officials, business leaders, and the general public.
Information: Products that provide direct societal benefit. These products are developed by combining Measurements and Knowledge/Models to provide decision makers the ability to choose a course of action. Examples: forecasts, assessments, and reports. Knowledge and Models: Understanding of geophysical processes representing geophysical parameter behavior or future states. Includes Level-3 data products and Level-4 model ouput derived from lower level products. Examples: global maps, long-term trend data, and modeled parameters.
Measurements: Direct observations of specific geophysical parameters. Includes Level-1 (calibrated data) and Level-2 (variable retrievals). Examples: radiance, ocean height, soil moisture, and relative humidity.
Missions: Implementation of space-based measurements by world space agencies to under technical and cost constraints.
Information
Requirements Assessment
Validation and Verification - Traceability (current, future) - Gap Analysis - Technology Feasibility - SBA value - Protocol Monitoring
Knowledge and Models
Measurements
Architecture Planning
Cost / Benefit Analyses - Risk Mitigation - Probabilistic Models
Missions

7. Decision Makers Information
Atmospheric Composition Constellation (ACC) Health SBA (Air Quality) Example
Societal Need
Societal Benefit
Decision Makers
Air Quality Decisions (Children w/asthma?, Pollution regulation?)
Air Quality Forecasts, Validation
Needs and Requirements
Improved Indexes and Real-Time Forecasts
Information
Improved knowledge and models
Knowledge and Models
The requirements taxonomy is driven in both directions.
This is an example from the Atmospheric Composition Constellation using the Health SBA.
A societal need to address to poor air quality demands improved air quality forecast products.
This requires improvements in models and knowledge which requires better measurements.
Though a single mission can provide local coverage, transport models require global coverage only offered by a Constellation
The improved measurements feed improved models and improved Air Quality Index predictions.
The end result is a societal benefit to the average person impacted by poor air quality.
Just like we wait for a sunny day in weather forecasting, we will wait for a “good air day” in the future.
Results and Products
Measurements
Improved technology
ACC individual missions provide limited continuity and coverage
Missions
ACC provides improved continuity, coverage and new products

8. Long-Term SEO Plans
Support existing and new CEOS Constellation teams by conducting assessments, defining requirements and developing candidate architectures for the future.
Perform an optimization and cost-benefit analysis of the GEO SBA’s and the GEOSS Space Segment implementation plan to foster support for CEOS constellations and mission planning.
Facilitate the development of CEOS Constellation requirements documents that utilize a “GEO taxonomy” and have the potential to impact the future plans of space agencies.
Publish and distribute a periodic SEO newsletter to highlight constellation progress and discuss specific topics.
Foster and improve communications among the CEOS leaders, the Constellation Teams, and the Working Groups.

9. Conclusions
NASA has funded a Systems Engineering capability to assist the CEOS Cx teams
GEOSS is critical for future geopolitical stability
GEO provides political support for CEOS goals
Compelling plans strengthen that support
The CEOS Cx plans must be
Understandable
Comprehensive
Useful
Practicable
A common requirements taxonomy and requirements structure will help with communication, integration and implementation of Cx plans

10. Contact Information
Steve Sandford, SEO Director – NASA LaRC Phone:
Brian Killough, SEO Deputy Director – NASA LaRC Phone:

11. BACKUP CHARTS

12. A Systems Approach for CEOS
Observations
Analysis
Decisions
Current state** of the system
Predicted future or Current state* of the system
System Model
Knowledge and Process models
Decisions by:
Citizens
Businesses Governments
Policymakers
General model for Earth observation system requirements development
* Indirectly determined, e.g. clouds effect on heat flux
** Directly determined, e.g. precipitation

13. Constellation Team Support
Primary support has been to the Atmospheric Composition Constellation team and Ernie Hilsenrath (NASA lead).
Planned and coordinated 2 workshops, developed work plan and coordinated 3 projects.
Performed an initial gap analysis considering GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBA) and IGACO science themes. Additional updates will be completed prior to the Nov 2007 CEOS Plenary.
Managing a contract with Rutherford Appleton Lab (RAL, Dr. Jolyon Reburn) to conduct an assessment and gap analysis of the current and planned missions that address AC Constellation requirements.
Developing a “draft” ACC requirements document for the CEOS Plenary. Emphasize a “GEO Taxonomy” (Measurements, Knowledge/Models, Information).
Participated in past Land Imaging and Precipitation Cx workshops, but no significant support has been requested.

14. Cx Mission Gap Analysis
Example: Atmospheric Composition SBA and Mission Gap Analysis
Include Current, In-Development, and Planned missions
Traceability to 5 GEO SBA’s
Traceability to 4 ACC Measurement Themes from IGACO.
Easily identify gaps in SBA’s, Measurement Themes.
Evaluate current or future risks to SBAs due to number of missions or schedule.

15. CEOS File Server
Secure file server developed to support CEOS management and Cx teams.
Currently 52 users, 14 folders and over 100 files.
Hosted at NASA LaRC:
The server requires a password, allows controlled access to folders and information, and allows both downloading and uploading of documents.
Username and Password access is required. Contact Brian Killough (SEO) for details.

16. CEOS Visualization Summary
CEOS will present visualization products (movies) at both the CEOS Plenary Meeting (Hawaii, Nov ) and the GEO Summit Meeting (Cape Town, South Africa, Nov 28-30). The CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) is leading the development effort of these products.
CEOS plans to develop a SHORT (3-5 min) and LONG (10-12 min) video product that highlights the progress and objectives of the 4 Constellation teams. A CEOS Visualization Committee (VC) has been formed to work this task.

17. Societal Benefit Areas (9)
SBA Observational Requirement Assessment
Societal Benefit Areas (9)
Disasters
Phase-1 Total Measurement Set
Taxonomy Filter
Space Filter M
Eliminate Redundant ObservationalRequirements
Health
Space K
Energy M I
Climate
Water K
OUTPUT M
Weather K
Ecosystems
Ground-
only I I
Agriculture
Biodiversity
INPUT
DBS = Data Buffer Subsystem
DCS = Data Compression Subsystem
IOS = IO Subsystem
ICS = Instrument Controller Subsystem
EDS = Engineering Data Subsystem
PCS = Power Conditioning Unit
PDU = Power Distribution Unit
STU = Star Tracker Unit
IRU = Inertial Reference Unit
Taxonomy Classifications M = Measurements (Data Product Level 1-3: radiance, ocean height, soil moisture) K = Knowledge (Data Product Level 3-4: maps, trend data, models) I = Information (Advanced Data Products: Forecasts, Assessments, Reports)