1. United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme ECA enforcement activities RILO ECE meeting of NCPs Sofia, Bulgaria 5-6 April 2011 Halvart Koeppen, Regional Officer halvart.koppen@unep.org UNEP ECA webpage: www.unep.org/ozonaction/ecanetwork/ OzonAction website: www.unep.org/ozonaction/

2. United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme UNEP Regional Ozone Networks

3. United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme Objective –Phase-out of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) Global ratification –49 Article 2 (so-called developed) countries –147 Article 5 (so-called developing) countries Recovery of ozone layer –2065 if Montreal Protocol is fully implemented Montreal Protocol highlights

4. United Nations Environment Programme Montreal Protocol adopted Multilateral Fund established CFC freeze CFC 50% reduction CFC 85% reduction 1987199119992005200720102015 CFC, halons, CTC phased out MeBr to be phased out Article 5 phase-out schedule Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

5. United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme HCFC phase-out schedule for Article 5 countries

6. United Nations Environment Programme Complete phase-out of ODS Completed phase-out date Montreal Protocol Croatia EU Article 2 countries Article 5 countries CFC (Annex A1) 1996201020061995 Halons1994201020101994 CFC (Anex B1) 1996201019991996 Carbontetrachloride1996201020101995 Methylchloroform1996201520101996 HCFC 2020 2030 20162010 HBFC1996199619991996 Bromochlormethane2002200220022002 Methylbromide2005201520062005 Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

7. United Nations Environment Programme Risk of illegal trade in ODS Consumption of CFC, halon and carbon tetrachlorid must be zero from Jan 2010 –Increased risk of illegal trade in countries which have still demand Accelerated and differentiated phase-out schedule for HCFCs –Increased risk of illegal trade to countries which restrict or ban HCFC imports –Increased risk of technology dumping (second hand equipment) to developing countries Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

8. United Nations Environment Programme 2012 revision of HS codes 2903Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons Unchanged 2903.14Tetrachlormethane or carbon tetrachloride 2903.191,1,1-trichloroethane or methylchloroform 2903.39Methyl bromide Deleted 2903.4 - 69Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more different halogens New HS codes for HCFCs (before grouped under 2903.49) 2903.71Chlorodifluoromethane: HCFC-22 2903.72Dichlorotrifluoroethanes: HCFC-123 2903.73Dichlorofluoroethanes: HCFC-141, 141b 2903.74Chlorodifluoroethanes: HCFC-142, 142b 2903.75Dichloropentafluoropropanes: HCFC-225/225ca/225cb Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

9. United Nations Environment Programme 2012 revision of HS codes 2903Halogenated derivates of hydrocarbons New HS code for halons (before 4903.46) 2903.76Bromochlorodifluoromethane or halon 1211 2903.76Bromotrifluoromethane or halon 1301 2903.76Dibromotetrafluoroethane or halon 2402 New HS code for other derivates of acrylic hydrocarobons perhalogenated only with fluorine and chlorine 2903.77CFC-11 (before 2903.41) 2903.77CFC-12 (before 2903.42) 2903.77CFC-113 (before 2903.43) 2903.77CFC-114 before 2903.44) 2903.77CFC-115 (before 2903.44) 2903.77CFC-13/111/112/211/212/213/214/215/217/217 (before 2903.45) 2903.78 Other perhalogenated derivatives 2903.79 Other

10. United Nations Environment Programme 2007 revision of HS codes 3824.7Mixtures containing halogenated derivatives of methane, ethane or propane (no change): 3824.71Containing CFCs, whether or not containing HCFCs, PFCs or HFCs 3824.72Containing bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane or dibromotetrafluoroethanes 3824.73Containing HBFCs 3824.74Containing HCFCs, whether or not containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs 3824.75Containing carbon tetrachloride 3824.76Containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) 3824.77Containing bromomethane (methyl bromide) or bromochloromethane 3824.78Containing PFCs or HFCs, but not containing CFCs or HCFCs 3824.79Other

11. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Enforcement Network Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

12. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Enforcement Network Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme Customs focal points for Montreal Protocol New partnerships –SECI, OSCE, UNCTAD Informal Prior Informed Consent 2010 –73 participating countries –111 informal consultations –28 unwanted shipments prevented (25%) Most recent iPIC consultation in 2011: –Shipment of 100 tons of HCFC-141b from China to Russia prevented –Russian importer was not registered and did not have an import licence –China did not issue an export license.

13. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Enforcement Network Data discrepancies / MT200620072008 European Union (27 countries11907136515486 ECA network (12 countries)N.a.20795931 Discrepancies by substance / MT 20072008 CFC59,529,6 Halon9,60,03 CTC0,40,5 MCF-0,01 HCFC20045765 MeBr5,7136 ECA & 4 CEITs20795931 EU136515486 Discrepancies between reported export / import data

14. United Nations Environment Programme Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme ECA Enforcement Network Countries exporting ODS to ECA countries: –CFC: CRO, SER, EU, Singapore –Halon: EU, China –CTC: SER, CRO, EU –MeBr: EU –HCFC: CRO, SER, EU, China, India, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Singapore, USA Croatia and Serbia tranship or re-export ODS to their neighbouring countries

15. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme Gold and silver medals for: – Armenia – China – Croatia – European Union – Kazakhstan – Kyrgyzstan – Russian Federation – Serbia

16. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Hundreds of tonnes of virgin CFC illegally traded and mis-declared as recycled substance in 2007-2009 Verify proof of origin and certificate of quality with the Montreal Protocol focal point of the exporting country. False document certifying that CFCs are recycled

17. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Hundred second hand CFC refrigerators from Germany seized in Central Asia Their export from the EU is illegal and most countries in the ECA region have banned their import. No trade licenses should be issued and any shipment of second hand equipment should be considered suspicious Seized second hand CFC refrigerators from EU Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme

18. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Labelling of refrigerant cylinders as Replace for … without indicating the actual contents Replace for 134a actually contained CFC-12 Replace for 502 in fact contained R502 National legislation should require mandatory labelling of chemical contents Replace for …

19. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Mislabelling was detected during the practical exercise of using refrigerant identifiers CFC-12 cylinder contained 16% CFC-12, 62% HCFC-22, 19% HFC-134a and 3% hydrocarbon. HFC-134a cylinder contained 100% CFC-12. Customs Officers (wholesalers, end-users) should use refrigerant identifiers

20. United Nations Environment Programme ECA Ozone Protection Award 2010 for Customs & Enforcement Officers Seizure of HFCs which do not deplete the ozone layer but contribute to global warming Lack of shipment papers and importer was not registered as required by national law Note: Controlled ODS can be mislabelled as HFC and thus HFC shipments are suspicious

21. United Nations Environment Programme Sky-Hole-Patching II: –Globalized version of SHP initiated in Asia Pacific –Period: 3 May to 2 Nov. 2010 (six months) Supported by: –WCOs 11 Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs) –RILO AP as Operational Coordination Unit (OCU) –National Ozone Units (NOUs) –UNEP and its Regional Offices Participated by Customs from 80 countries: – Asia Pacific: 34 – Europe & Central Asia: 23 – Africa: 20 – South America: 3 – North America: None

22. United Nations Environment Programme Preliminary seizure summary Reported seizures globally: – 27 seizures – 6087 cylinders – 107,5 tons ODS – 668 pieces of equipment Reported seizures in Europe & Central Asia – 15 seizures (56% of total) – 1833 cylinders (30% of total) – 45 metric tons ODS (42% of total) – 498 pieces of equipment (75% of total)

23. United Nations Environment Programme Preliminary seizure summary Reporting country No of cases ODS seizure No of containers ODS in kg No of equipment Armenia1R502152400 China1R121140155040 France1Unknown1760440000 Gambia1R22121920 Hongkong1R1210016000 Croatia1R134A101600 India3R22 & R22 mixture113918224170 Kenia1R12375920 Poland1R222140 Sweden7R12, R134a, R600A00472 Thailand4R12, R221766252860 Uzbekistan4 R12, R22, R134a, R600a 4673626 Bahrain1R12, R22609600 Total27 6087107508668

24. United Nations Environment Programme Conclusions Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia Compliance Assistance Programme There is remaining illegal trade in banned ODS (CFC, halon, CTC) and increasingly in restricted substances e.g. HCFCs Encourage your Customs colleagues to participate in ECA Ozone Protection Award 2011 for Customs & Enforcement Officer (July 2010 – June 2011) Watch out for ODS labelled as recycled substance, ODS alternatives e.g. HFCs or Replace for … Inform your Customs colleagues on new 2012 HS codes for ODS and the existing ones for ODS mixtures Establish contact with the designated Customs focal points for the Montreal Protocol. Consider requesting a back-to-back Green Customs seminar with one of your future meetings Encourage use of WCO e-learning modules on Montreal Protocol, CITES, Green Customs Include Montreal Protocol and Green Customs in training curricula and publications

25. United Nations Environment Programme Four seizures of R12, R22, R134a, R600a by Uzbek Customs in 2010 – in total 46 cylinders and 0,7 metric tons

26. United Nations Environment Programme 0,65 tons in 48 cylinders of R12 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 6 May 2010 – some labeled as R134a

27. United Nations Environment Programme 12 cylinders of R12 seized by Gambian Customs on 4 June 2010, together with over 2 tons of cocaine

28. United Nations Environment Programme 15 tons in 1140 cylinders of R12 seized by China Customs at Huangpu on 25 June 2010

29. United Nations Environment Programme 8.9 tons in 528 cylinders of R12 and R22 seized by Royal Thai Customs on 4 August 2010

30. United Nations Environment Programme 100 cylinders R12 seized by Hong Kong Customs on 2 Sept. 2010